This article contributes to the literature on drug users, victimization and offending using data on 545 dependent drug users entering treatment in four European countries. Members of the sample were exposed to high levels of criminal victimization. Sub-groups who were particularly vulnerable to crime were women (and especially sex workers), the homeless, recent offenders and those with a history of poor mental health. Multivariate analysis indicated that frequent drug use, recent offending and histories of depression and anxiety were significantly predictive of violent victimization, and only gender and a history of anxiety were significantly predictive of property victimization. The article discusses how these findings relate to theoretical approaches to victimization, in both positivist and critical frameworks. K E Y
Sharenting – that is, the sharing of identifying and sensitive information of minors, who are often overexposed online by parents or guardians – has, at times, criminogenic potential, as the information shared can enable both heinous crimes and other types of harmful conduct. Whilst most research on sharenting has focused on the sharenters and their agency, there is a gap in addressing whether and to what extent social media platforms display criminogenic or other harm-enabling features that can render sharenting risky for affected minors. By relying on an adapted crime proofing of legislation approach, our contribution analyses the self-regulations (in the form of corporate documents and forms of self-organisation) of five major social media platforms and identifies several risks and vulnerabilities to harmful sharenting practices embedded in the platforms’ policies. In doing so, the study demonstrates how criminological imagination can effectively contribute to the multidisciplinary debates on digital ecosystems and their regulation, paving the way for a reduction of criminogenic and harmful opportunities online.
Sharenting – the digital sharing of sensitive information of minors by parents or guardians – has not yet been investigated from a criminological perspective. However, there are reported concerns regarding its criminogenic potential amidst fast-growing media interest in sharenting practices, particularly in relation to the perceived crime risks. This article offers an exploratory analysis of cases where such practices led to the victimisation of minors, evidencing the gap between media reports about crime risks and actual victimisation. The paper also demonstrates that sharenting is a more complex phenomenon than generally recognised. By exploring these issues, the paper advances criminological understanding of the practice and demonstrates the divergences between media-reported crime risks and victimisation associated with sharenting. Although the paper highlights media exaggerations of such crime victimisation which can heighten public fear and anxiety, the article also provides new insights on the nature of actual victimisation, to raise awareness and aid preventative intervention.
Dual Diagnosis (DD) is a double pathology afflicting drug users that involves both addiction and psychiatric diseases. This specific condition is currently attracting attention from the scientific community. There are limited data available relating to this area and even less specifically relating to problematic drug use and addiction among prisoners and the general lack of adequate treatments and therapeutic tools that are required by this population. This study is divided into four phases, and this article discusses only the preliminary data. Each prisoner in the sample with addiction problems was subjected to an initial screening, and if the slightest element of DD was highlighted, the client was assessed with specific clinical tools (MMPI‐2, SCID II) and an interview with a psychiatrist. The data collected from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI‐2) test highlighted that the most recurrent disorder in both of the sample prisons was borderline personality disorder with the majority of the subjects presenting personality disorders in axis II of the DSM‐IV TR, using the Structured Clinical Interview Diagnosis II (SCID II). The data gathered demonstrated that two‐thirds of the prisoners with addiction in these prisons suffer from a DD, and it is therefore important to distinguish the addiction from the psychiatric diagnoses and the DD condition in order to decide the specific treatment. This research suggests that in cases of Dual Diagnosis, both clinical conditions must be addressed, or there is a risk that these prisoners will only be partially treated, and this will create further difficulties in their rehabilitation.
Sharenting – a new term emerged over the past 10 years – refers to the practice of sharing textual and audiovisual contents concerning children online by their parents or guardians, potentially impacting the construction of children’s digital identity before they can reach the age of consent. Based on a passive virtual ethnography carried out comparatively in Italian-speaking and English-speaking virtual communities focusing on children’s wellbeing and health, this paper offers an empirical contribution to the study of sharenting. While contributing to the wider debates on the practices and discourses about sharing in digital media, this paper provides an analysis of how online and offline parenting cultures affect sharenting practices; how the consequences of sharenting are addressed in online communities; and how the privacy vs openness tension about sharing contents is negotiated by parents with regards to their own and children needs even in terms of digital security.
Tempest in a Teapot examines the social conflicts at the root of witchcraft accusations and witch hunting in an eastern region of India from sociological, anthropological, and historical perspectives. Soma Chaudhuri, whose research interests concern social movements, gender, and collective forms of violence, analyzes this phenomenon -which arose in a tea worker community of West Bengal -using a combination of in-depth and extensive qualitative methods. Taking a critical and reflexive approach, the author grounds her research on a well-selected literature review that focuses on similar contemporary cases in other Asian or African populations, and on the early modern witch hunt in Western countries. She assumes that the witch hunt in the community that she investigated stems from the transition from agricultural work to industrial wage labor, and from the relationship between the industrial economy and wage laborers. She interprets the phenomenon as a periodic reaction from the community of tribal workers against the plantation management. In her analysis, tea plantation workers are considered as historical subjects: their subjective experiences within those specific tea plantations are the results of a complex and slow economic, religious, and political transition in the tribal workers' communities of East India. The caste-based stratification of precolonial India, the construction of wildness in colonial India, and the Marxian explanation of the relationships between owners and workers are key concepts identified by Chaudhuri to understand the representations and the relationships between tribal workers and planters. The question of gender, the author argues, is only one part of the puzzle and does not allow a complete and exhaustive analysis of the social problem of witchcraft accusations. Socioeconomic changes in that community have attached new shapes, meanings, and notions to the tradition of witchcraft accusations. Chaudhuri seeks to understand and explain the place of the tribal migrant worker within the context of plantation politics of patriarchy and patronage; how the accusations can be analyzed as different from previous forms of accusation; and how the accusations can be explained against the background of the plantation economy.
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