The purpose of this study was to examine the immunoexpression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) E-cadherin, CD44s, and CD44v3 in cervical cancer and compare it with that in benign exo-endocervical tissue. In all, 81 cervical cancer biopsy specimens and 22 benign controls were included. Primary monoclonal antibodies NHC-38, F10-44-2, and 3G5 for E-cadherin, CD44s, and CD44v3 were used, respectively. Statistical significance was evaluated by the χ 2 test. Antigen expression was significantly different in cervical cancer specimens compared with controls, showing marked decrease in membrane expression: E-cadherin, 6.5% and 77.3% (P < .000); CD44s, 3.9% and 81.8% (P < .000); and CD44v3, 0% and 81.8% (P < .000), respectively. The immunoexpression was significantly heterogeneous in carcinomas (P < .034) and adenocarcinomas (P < .000) for E-cadherin and CD44s. For CD44v3, no case of cancer showed immunostaining in membranes. These findings reaffirm that cell adhesion is markedly altered in cervical cancer. The authors suggest that these proteins could serve as markers for invasive cervical neoplasia.

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Objetivo: revisión realizada para destacar la importancia de una muestra citológica óptima para la pesquisa de cáncer de cuello uterino y sus lesiones precursoras, con fines preventivos de diagnóstico y conocimiento de los lineamientos de manejo clínico vigentes, mediante una adecuada muestra. Material y metodología. se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en la base de datos PubMed utilizando los siguientes términos y combinaciones: cervical cytology, screening cervical cáncer, Bethesda system, adecuacy, false negatives, clinical follow-up. Las variables fueron la adecuación de la muestra citológica para pesquisa de cáncer de cuello uterino establecida por el sistema Bethesda y el seguimiento clínico vigente.  Resultados: la evaluación de la calidad de la muestra citológica se considera como principal aporte de garantía de calidad del sistema Bethesda para el informe de los hallazgos. Existen lineamientos de manejo clínico relacionados con la adecuada muestra y el seguimiento clínico establecidos hace más de una década y que aún son vigentes. Conclusiones:  una muestra citológica óptima permite detectar una mayor proporción de lesiones del cuello uterino significativas, contribuye a la efectividad clínica de la pesquisa de cáncer y establece el mejor cuidado para la paciente. Es necesario concientizar al personal involucrado sobre la importancia de obtener muestras adecuadas.

RESUMEN. Introducción: Un resultado citológico que informa la presencia de células escamosas con atipias que no descartan una Lesión Intraepitelial Escamosa de Alto Grado (ASC-H) es clínicamente significativo, ya que aproximadamente el 50% de estas pacientes podrían presentar una lesión pre-maligna durante la evaluación de dichas atipias morfológicas. Objetivo: Describir las alteraciones cito-morfológicas más frecuentemente halladas en los extendidos citológicos de cuello uterino categorizados como ASC-H, agrupadas según resultado histopatológico de seguimiento. Metodología: Se desarrolló un estudio retrospectivo en el Laboratorio de Citología de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Universidad de Los Andes y en la Clínica de Prevención del Cáncer, de la Sociedad Anticancerosa, Capitulo Mérida-Venezuela. Fueron incluidos los casos analizados entre enero-2010 y diciembre-2016 con resultados citológicos cervicales ASC-H, se reevaluaron los extendidos citológicos y se agruparon los criterios cito-morfológicos más frecuentemente hallados según biopsia benigna y anormal. Resultados: El 60,0% de las citologías cervicales categorizadas como ASC-H mostraban atipias en las células escamosas profundas frecuentemente sobre fondo inflamatorio cuando el hallazgo histopatológico era benigno, mientras que en los casos con biopsia anormal como Neoplasia Intraepitelial Cervical (CIN) 1, 2 o 3 y/o HPV se encontró que la mayoría (73,7%) de las atipias estaban presentes en células metaplásicas inmaduras, sin inflamación. Conclusiones: Los criterios cito-morfológicos que deben considerarse para designar un extendido citológico como sospechoso de neoplasia (ASC-H) son: anisocariosis, hipercromasia, cromatina y membrana nuclear irregular sobre un fondo de frotis limpio. Dichas alteraciones siempre deben correlacionarse con datos clínicos aportados, que incluye básicamente la edad

BackgroundCervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the most common cause of mortality in underdeveloped and developing countries [1,2]. Persistent infection with certain oncogenic high-risk (HR) types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the required factor for the development of invasive cervical cancer and precursor lesions [3][4][5][6].Overall, the prevalence and distribution of HPV infection in cervical lesions has been determined in many geographical regions of the world, this can vary depending on several factors including epidemiological differences in the populations studied and the methodology used for molecular detection and typing of HPV DNA [7]. Over 120 types of HPV have been classified as either low (LR-HPV) or high risk (HR-HPV), according to their oncogenic potential [8,9]. Within the high-risk genotypes, HPV types 16 and HPV 18 are most often associated with cancer and squamous intraepithelial lesion [5,6,10,11,12]. Nevertheless, the risk of neoplasia for other types of HPV as well as for multiple HPV infection has not yet been established.Because current strategies for the prevention of cervical cancer and their precancerous lesions are based on the HPV genotyping [13] and prophylactic vaccines [14][15][16], it seems necessary to determine the types of HPV most commonly associated with malignant cell transformation in different geographical areas in order to establish effective preventive measures according to the epidemiology of the population. This study was to know the prevalence and distribution of cervical HPV infection in women attending routine cervical cancer screening in the Valencia region (Spain). Study designLiquid-based cytology (LBC) of cervical specimens was collected during routine screening visits, between June 20, 2011 and September 9, 2011 in the Clinical Hospital of Valencia, Spain. LBC samples were processed using the Thin Prep® 5000 processor (Madrid, Spain). For HPV detection and genotyping, we used the residual cervical sample material available from the same Thin Prep Pap test vial previously used for cytological screening. DNA was extracted from the residual materials of LBC by QIAamp® DNA mini kit (IZASA, Valencia, Spain), according to the manufacturer's instructions. HPV testing was performed by INNO-Lipa HPV genotyping Extra Reverse Hybridization Line Probe Assay kit (Innogenetics®, Barcelona, Spain), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, HPV detection and genotyping was based on PCR amplification of a 65pb fragment, within the L1 region of the HPV genome, using broad-spectrum SPF10 biotinylated primers. PCR was performed in a final AbstractBackground: Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as the primary cause of cervical cancer. Persistent infection with high risk-HPV is the required factor for the development of cervical cancer.