Quick restoration of critical infrastructure systems, such as water, electrical power, natural gas, and transportation systems, are essential for rapid and effective post disaster recovery and reconstruction process. A number of previous studies have assessed vulnerability of infrastructure systems to various hazards such as earthquakes, but seldom have the impacts of post disaster policies been considered. In its assessment of the water system in post disaster situation after Bam earthquake, this paper examines the impacts of various reconstruction as well as water management policies on the system failure in operation in terms of the ability of Bam urban water system to meet increased demand trends. Adopting a system dynamics modeling approach and the concept of viability loops, the paper will show that in order to minimize further crisis in the water system during the reconstruction period stricter water management policies need to be considered.
Changes in Successive periods of each country's GDP indicates the level of economic growth and prosperity, and growth could accelerate economic growth and social welfare. with respect to the necessity and importance of development in automotive sector across national industry and economy on one hand, and the necessity of measuring the performance of this industry one the other hand for planning so as to improve efficiency, productivity and competitiveness of productions in this sector, this study aiming at measuring and analyzing total factor productivity index in automotive industry (case study: Kerman motor Assemble saloon) using data envelopment analysis package and Malmquist productivity index, has been carried out. Essential statistics were gathered using documentary studies, interviews and meetings with experts in each unit. Extract Malmquist productivity index after homogenization of Statistics collected in four inputs and one output in 14 periods of time was carried out. Research findings showed that changes in productivity in assemble unit with aobut 0.914 was reduced. Meanwhile, mean of changes in technology showed technical performance with an ascending trend. In sake of Malmquist productivity index, Assemble saloon had the worst situation compared to all three units. Eventually, quantitative findings and analysis of qualtiative results of barriers and difficulties existing in units, applied and research suggestions to improve performance of these units were given to managers, scholars and politicians.
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