The study purpose was to investigate the effects of target distance on pivot hip, trunk, pelvis, and kicking leg movements in Taekwondo roundhouse kick. Twelve male black-belt holders executed roundhouse kicks for three target distances (Normal, Short, and Long). Linear displacements of the pivot hip and orientation angles of the pelvis, trunk, right thigh, and right shank were obtained through a three-dimensional video motion analysis. Select displacements, distances, peak orientation angles, and angle ranges were compared among the conditions using one-way repeated measure ANOVA (p < 0.05). Several orientation angle variables (posterior tilt range, peak right-tilted position, peak right-rotated position, peak left-rotated position, and left rotation range of the pelvis; peak hyperextended position and peak right-flexed position of the trunk; peak flexed position, flexion range and peak internal-rotated position of the hip) as well as the linear displacements of the pivot hip and the reach significantly changed in response to different target distances. It was concluded that the adjustment to different target distances was mainly accomplished through the pivot hip displacements, hip flexion, and pelvis left rotation. Target distance mainly affected the reach control function of the pelvis and the linear balance function of the trunk.
Gait is associated with an important risk factor of falls in the elderly. It is important to find differences of quantitative gait variables between fallers and non-fallers. The aim of this study was to investigate gait patterns in elderly fallers and non-fallers. Thirty-eight fallers and 38 non-fallers of similar age and height participated in this study. Subjects walked across the GaitRite walkway at self-selected comfortable speeds. Spatio-temporal gait variables were measured to characterize gait patterns. Kinetic variables were derived from normalized vertical ground reaction force (GRF). Independent t-tests were performed to compare the fallers with the non-fallers. The fallers walked more slowly with shorter steps and more variable step times than the non-fallers (p< 0.05). The fallers showed a longer stance phase with increased double-limb support than the non-fallers (p< 0.05). The times to reach maximal weight acceptance and mid-stance of the fallers were significantly longer than those of the non-fallers (p< 0.05). These results suggest that spatio-temporal variables and GRF variables would be useful for distinguishing prospective fallers from non-fallers among the elderly.
Anti-convulsant effects of physical exercise and lipoic acid (LA), also referred to as thioctic acid with antioxidant activity, were investigated using chemical induced seizure model. We investigated the synergic effect of physical exercise and LA on kainic acid-induced seizure activity caused by oxidative stress. After 8 weeks of swimming training, body weight decreased and endurance capacity increased significantly compared to sedentary mice. Kainic acid (30 mg/kg, i.p.) evoked seizure activity 5 min after injection, and seizure activity peaked approximately 80 min after kainic acid treatment. Median seizure activity score in KA only treated group was 4.55 (range 0.5-5), 3.45 for "LA + KA" group (range 0.5-4.3), 3.12 for "EX + KA" group (range 0.05-3.4, p < 0.05 vs. "KA only" group), 2.13 for "EX + LA + KA" group (range 0.5-3.0, p < 0.05 vs. "EX + KA" group). Also, there was a synergic cooperation of exercise and LA in lowering the mortality in kainic acid treated mice (蠂2 = 5.45, p = 0.031; "EX + KA" group vs. "LA + EX + KA" group). In addition, the synergic effect of exercise and LA was found in PGx activity compared to separated treatment ("LA + EX + KA": 37.3 卤 1.36; p < 0.05 vs. "LA + KA" and "EX + KA" group). These results indicate that physical exercise along with LA could be a more efficient method for modulating seizure activity and oxidative stress.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the 12-week horse riding exercise effect on the locomotion of a body and bilateral balance and flexion/extension of trunk during the sit-to-stand(STS) in elementary and middle school students. One-hundred eleven participants were divided into three groups. Each group was subject to a different horse riding exercise: control group(n = 36), 1 time/week group(n=37), and 3 times/week group(n=38). Two-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare weight transfer time(WTT), trunk flexion velocity(TFV), trunk extension velocity(TEV), mean rising index(MRI), mean weight asymmetry(MWA) among the groups, and STS changes in before and after 12 weeks. There was a group interaction in WTT, TFV, TEV, MRI, and MWA with different responses to horse riding exercise participation. There was a significant increase in 1 time/week group and 3 times/week group of WTT, TFV, TEV, and MRI. Additionally, MWA(an index of a capacity for bilateral balance) in lower extremity was decreased in 3 times/week group. It seems that horse riding exercise positively affected musculoskeletal function of the trunk and lower extremity by accelerating locomotion and bilateral balance.
[Purpose] This study was designed to test the effects of the Assistant Chair-Desk System (ACDS), which can reduce the forward tilt of the neck and trunk and the level of fatigue during long lasting study in the sitting position. [Subjects] Fourteen middle school students and 14 college students of mixed gender participated in this study. [Methods] Fatigue level, the trapezius muscle, and the forward tilt angle of the head and trunk as well as distance factors were assessed before after using a normal chair-desk system (NCDS) and the ACDS for 120 minutes. [Results] There was an interaction effect in the angle and length of the neck from the sitting posture changes after 2 hours of studying using the NCDS and ACDS. There were also significant differences in the fatigue levels, hip joint angles and the lengths from the head according to the main effects of the chair-systems. [Conclusion] The studying position while using the ACDS was determined to prevent significant fatigue levels of the muscle and body, provide support to the head, by limiting the forward movement of the neck, and prevent forward tilt of the neck and trunk, by enabling the target point and gaze to be closer to the horizontal direction.
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