The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), is a major rice pest in various Asian countries, causing significant negative impacts on rice yield and quality. In this study, we developed a novel nanoplatform (NIT@MON@ CuS) for pesticide delivery that responds to redox and near-infrared light stimuli. The nanoplatform consisted of CuS nanoparticles with mesoporous organic silica (MON), loaded with nitenpyram (NIT). With an average size of 190 nm and a loading efficiency of 22%, NIT@MON@CuS exhibited remarkable thermal response in the near-infrared region, demonstrating excellent photothermal conversion ability and stability. In vitro release kinetics demonstrated the rapid release of nitenpyram under near-infrared light and glutathione conditions, facilitating a satisfactory temperature increase and accelerated drug release. The NIT@MON@CuS-treated group exhibited a higher mortality of N. lugens, increasing from 62 to 88% compared to the group treated with nitenpyram technical after 96 h. Bioassay revealed that NIT@MON@CuS significantly enhanced nitenpyram toxicity by more than 1.4-fold against both laboratory insecticide-resistant and field strains of N. lugens. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results demonstrated that MON@CuS had the capability to reduce P450 gene expression, thereby improving the sensitivity of N. lugens to insecticides. These findings suggest that MON@CuS holds great potential as an intelligent pest control platform, offering a sustainable and efficient approach to protect crops against pests.
Abstract-The utility of a fish DNA damage assay as a rapid monitoring tool was investigated. Metal plating wastewater was chosen as a sample because it contains various genotoxic metal species. Fish DNA damage assay results were compared to data generated from the conventional whole effluent toxicity (WET) test procedure. The Microtox assay (Azur Environmental, Carlsbad, CA, USA) using Vibrio fischeri was also employed. Eleven samples from two metal plating companies were collected for this evaluation. For the fish DNA damage assay, 7-d-old fathead minnow larvae, Pimephales promelas, were utilized. They were exposed to a series of dilutions at 20ЊC for 2 h. Whole effluent toxicity tests conducted in this study included two acute toxicity tests with Daphnia magna and fathead minnows and two chronic toxicity tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia and fathead minnows. The fish DNA damage assay showed good correlations with both the acute and chronic WET test results, especially with those obtained with fathead minnows. The kappa values, an index of agreement, between the fish DNA damage assay and WET tests were shown to be acceptable (kappa Ն 0.55). These findings imply that this novel fish DNA damage assay has use as an expedient toxicity screening procedure since it produces comparable results to those of the acute and chronic fathead minnow toxicity tests.
Abstract-The utility of a fish DNA damage assay as a rapid monitoring tool was investigated. Metal plating wastewater was chosen as a sample because it contains various genotoxic metal species. Fish DNA damage assay results were compared to data generated from the conventional whole effluent toxicity (WET) test procedure. The Microtox assay (Azur Environmental, Carlsbad, CA, USA) using Vibrio fischeri was also employed. Eleven samples from two metal plating companies were collected for this evaluation. For the fish DNA damage assay, 7-d-old fathead minnow larvae, Pimephales promelas, were utilized. They were exposed to a series of dilutions at 20ЊC for 2 h. Whole effluent toxicity tests conducted in this study included two acute toxicity tests with Daphnia magna and fathead minnows and two chronic toxicity tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia and fathead minnows. The fish DNA damage assay showed good correlations with both the acute and chronic WET test results, especially with those obtained with fathead minnows. The kappa values, an index of agreement, between the fish DNA damage assay and WET tests were shown to be acceptable (kappa Ն 0.55). These findings imply that this novel fish DNA damage assay has use as an expedient toxicity screening procedure since it produces comparable results to those of the acute and chronic fathead minnow toxicity tests.
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