Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was reduced in some of the quadrants of the vitrectomized eye during the 6-month postoperative follow-up period. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography can be clinically useful for detection of localized RNFL defects in patients who underwent vitrectomy. Future prospective studies with more patients and longer follow-up duration are required.

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. However, few studies on the epidemiology or types of HAdVs associated with acute gastroenteritis have been conducted in Korea. Therefore, in the present study, the incidence of HAdV in 2064 stool samples from Korean children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis (2004-2006) was assessed and the types of viruses present determined. Polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and phylogenic analyses revealed that 113 samples (5.5%) were HAdV-positive. While HAdVs were mainly detected during July to October, no seasonal difference between the enteric and non-enteric viruses in the incidence of HAdV was observed. HAdV-41 and HAdV-40 were found in 54 (47.8%) and 3 (2.6%) HAdV-positive samples, respectively. HAdV-3, HAdV-7, HAdV-2, HAdV-31, HAdV-4, and HAdV-37 were detected in 11 (9.7%), 5 (4.4%), 2 (1.7%), 2 (1.7%), 1 (0.8%), and 1 (0.8%) of sample(s), respectively. Thus, not only enteric, but also non-enteric, HAdVs may play an important role in acute gastroenteritis in Korean children.

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE), which is one of the most common diseases worldwide, primarily occurs in infants and young children in both developed and developing countries. To investigate the prevalence of AGE in Korea, 6,788 stool specimens collected from hospitalized patients with AGE in Seoul, Korea from March 2004 to June 2007 were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay, reverse transcription-PCR, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Enteric viruses and bacteria were detected in 2,955 (43.5%) and 1,389 (20.5%) specimens, respectively. Among the enteric viruses detected, rotavirus (19.7%) and norovirus (18.9%) were the predominant causative agents, followed by adenovirus (2.5%) and astrovirus (2.4%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly observed bacteria (8.0~19.2%). The epidemic peaks of the enteric viruses were October to December for norovirus, January to May for rotavirus, and August to October for adenovirus. The seasonal activity of rotavirus was shifted from winter to late spring. However, astrovirus did not display seasonal activity in this study. Although viral AGE primarily occurred in patients younger than 5 years of age, the incidence of viral AGE in children aged 6 to 14 years was significant. The results of this study will contribute to the currently available epidemiological data and improve public health and hygiene via amelioration of diagnostic methods and longitudinal surveillance.