The aim of the paper was the modelization of the influence on the Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) of the more representative properties of the wearing conditions of the garments, the tension produced in contact with the body and the wetness. The study was carried out on undyed woven fabrics manufactured with three different cellulosic fibers (Cotton, Modal and Modal Sun) and with three different structures. The transmission of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) in the whole ultraviolet range, as well as in the UVA and UVB regions, was measured and the UPF was determined. A statistical model for each fiber type was formulated, which allowed the prediction of the UPF according to the UPF of the original fabric (unstretched and dry), the tension and the wetness.
Electrochemical oxidation is a very effective technique for wastewater processing and, in the textile industry, it can be employed to remove colour from residual dyeing and washing liquors. In previous studies, the main factors were established for the control of the electrochemical removal of reactive dyes from textile wastewater. Mathematical models were proposed for the decolorisation of these dyes and for the electrical consumption. In the present work, these models are analysed and a three‐step methodology is established in order to determine whether a dye can be removed from wastewater by electrochemical treatment. This methodology is applied and verified on a further four reactive dyes. The mathematical models are also employed to evaluate the colour removal from textile wastewater samples containing reactive dyes.
The objective of this paper is the modelization of the influence that the treatment with optical brighteners has on the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of fabrics whose composition and structure are appropriate for use in summer garments. Following an experimental design, the study has been conducted with fabrics composed of three different cellulosic fibers (cotton, Modal, and Modal Sun) and with three different structures. The fabrics have been treated with two optical brighteners at several concentrations. A statistical model has been formulated for each fiber type, which allows estimation of the UPF, with regard to the type of optical brightener and its concentration and the initial UPF of the untreated fabric.
Colour removal from textile wastewater containing reactive dyes can be achieved by using a small commercial electrochemical cell which was not specifically designed for this use. In this study, the decolorisation and electrical consumption are modelled. The results show that the electrolyte employed in the dyeing process is the main factor influencing the decolorisation of the wastewater. The flow and potential difference are also important factors controlling the electrochemical process. There are other variables such as pH and temperature that, within the intervals studied, do not have any effect on the results.
Color is one of the most influential variables on the protection against ultraviolet radiation provided by a fabric. The protection against UV radiation of a fabric is expressed quantitatively by means of its UPF (ultraviolet protection factor). The present paper shows the results of a study about the influence of the color on the UPF of cotton woven fabrics appropriate for summer articles. Through statistical models, the research seeks to relate the level of protection achieved in dyeing with three azo dyes to the factors governing the process, the shade, and the color intensity, as well as their interaction with the initial UPF of the fabrics. The obtained models will allow the programming and optimization of the value of the UPF of a fabric by means of adequate adjustment of the variables.
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