Purpose:CDKN2A is the main high-risk melanoma-susceptibility gene, but it has been poorly assessed in Latin America. We sought to analyze CDKN2A and MC1R in patients from Latin America with familial and sporadic multiple primary melanoma (SMP) and compare the data with those for patients from Spain to establish bases for melanoma genetic counseling in Latin America.Genet Med 18 7, 727–736.Methods:CDKN2A and MC1R were sequenced in 186 Latin American patients from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay, and in 904 Spanish patients. Clinical and phenotypic data were obtained.Genet Med 18 7, 727–736.Results:Overall, 24 and 14% of melanoma-prone families in Latin America and Spain, respectively, had mutations in CDKN2A. Latin American families had CDKN2A mutations more frequently (P = 0.014) than Spanish ones. Of patients with SMP, 10% of those from Latin America and 8.5% of those from Spain had mutations in CDKN2A (P = 0.623). The most recurrent CDKN2A mutations were c.-34G>T and p.G101W. Latin American patients had fairer hair (P = 0.016) and skin (P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of MC1R variants (P = 0.003) compared with Spanish patients.Genet Med 18 7, 727–736.Conclusion:The inclusion criteria for genetic counseling of melanoma in Latin America may be the same criteria used in Spain, as suggested in areas with low to medium incidence, SMP with at least two melanomas, or families with at least two cases among first- or second-degree relatives.Genet Med 18 7, 727–736.

The expression pattern of interferon-inducible proteins reflects the characteristic histological distribution of infiltrating immune cells in different cutaneous lupus erythematosus subsets.

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic disorder shown to have gene mutations that activate the MAPK/ERK pathway in at least one-third of cases. Most patients with Rosai-Dorfman disease present with bulky lymphadenopathy or extranodal disease, but rarely Rosai-Dorfman disease is detected concomitantly with lymphoma in the same biopsy specimen. The underlying molecular mechanisms of focal Rosai-Dorfman disease occurring in the setting of lymphoma have not been investigated. We report 12 cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease and lymphoma involving the same anatomic site. There were five men and seven women (age, 23 to 77 years) who underwent lymph node (n = 11) or skin (n = 1) biopsy; the lymphomas included nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 6), classical Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 4), small lymphocytic lymphoma (n = 1) and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (n = 1). The foci of Rosai-Dorfman disease in all cases had S100 protein-positive histiocytes undergoing emperipolesis. No patients had Rosai-Dorfman disease at other anatomic sites at initial diagnosis and at last follow-up (median, 40 months). We performed immunohistochemical analysis to assess activity of the MAPK/ERK pathway in the Rosai-Dorfman disease foci. We also micro-dissected disease foci and analyzed 146 genes using next-generation sequencing in four cases with adequate DNA; the panel included genes previously reported to be mutated in Rosai-Dorfman disease. All cases were negative for gene mutations. Nevertheless, all cases were positive for cyclin D1 and most cases showed pERK expression indicating that the MAPK/ERK pathway is active in the histiocytes of focal Rosai-Dorfman disease. We conclude that focal Rosai-Dorfman disease coexisting with lymphoma is a clinically benign and localized histiocytic proliferation. These data also indicate that the MAPK/ERK pathway is active in focal Rosai-Dorfman disease although we did not identify activating mutations. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of focal Rosai-Dorfman disease is different from that of usual cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease.

The level of knowledge among employees in tanning salons was very low and the quality of the information they provided to the clients was very poor. It was important to legislate on ultraviolet tanning services, but at present, the impact of the law has been very limited.

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Background Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) and pseudolymphomas presenting as single pink-red nodules/tumors are highly unspecific and include a wide differential diagnosis.Objective To describe the dermoscopic characteristics of PCL/pseudolymphoma. MethodsIn this retrospective, case-control study, we evaluated the dermoscopic features of patients with solitary PCL/pseudolymphoma tumors and compared them to a control group of non-lymphomatous, nonpigmented, solitary tumors (e.g., basal cell carcinoma, amelanotic melanoma, etc). ResultsWe included 14 patients with PCL/pseudolymphomas and 35 controls. T-cell and B-cell lymphoma proportions were 28.6% (n = 4) and 71.4% (n = 10), respectively.Compared to controls, most lymphomas presented dermoscopically with orange color (71.4% vs. 14.2%, P < 0.001), follicular plugs (85% vs. 2.8%, P < 0.001), and as organized lesions (85% vs. 31.4%, P = 0.001). Coexistence of orange color and follicular plugs had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.8 (P < 0.001), highly suggestive of PCL. The kappa index for independent observers was 0.66, 0.49, 0.43 for orange background, follicular plugs, and organized lesion, respectively. Histopathologic correlation was performed in six PCL cases and showed dense diffuse and perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate in all cases and keratin plugs in five of six cases, possibly correlating with the orange color and the follicular plugs, respectively.Conclusion Primary cutaneous lymphomas/pseudolymphomas present with characteristic dermoscopic findings irrespective of immunohistochemical subtype.

Armstrong et al did not fully report the association between psoriasis and the amount of cigarettes smoked. 2 The association between duration of smoking and psoriasis has been controversial. 2 In this study, we clearly showed that there is a positive correlation between the amount and/or duration of smoking and the occurrence of psoriasis. However, our study has a limitation in that any change in smoking status after registration has not been reflected. In addition, association does not demonstrate cause and effect; therefore, further investigation is needed.

Alterations in VDR expression and localization are found in MM compared with DN. Loss of cytoplasmic VDR was associated with melanoma tumour size, suggesting that loss of cytoplasmic VDR may be a prognostic factor.