Chikungunya (CHIK) infection is re-emergence public health problem globally including Bangladesh. It is an arthropod-borne disease, which is transmitted by mosquitoes bite. The virus was first isolated in Newala district of Tanzania in 1953. In 2017, an outbreak of Chikungunya, has struck Bangladesh's capital, Dhaka. This study was conducted to know the seroprevalence, clinical presentations and seasonal trends of CHIK infection. This study was conducted in the Ibn Sina Diagnostic & Consultation Center, Uttara from January to November, 2017. Serum samples from about 1060 Chikungunya suspected cases were tested for immunoglobin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies by Immuno-Chromatographic test (ICT) method. Out of total tested cases, 524 (49.43%) were seropositive for Chikungunya, among the seropositive 379 (72.32%) were IgM positive, 98 (18.70%) were IgG positive and 47 (8.96%) were both IgM and IgG positive. The most affected age group was 11 to 40 years. Females were more affected than males. A high percentage of Chikungunya seropositive cases were found among suspected patients.
Chikungunya virus is an alphavirus of the Togaviridae family, positive-strand RNA genome, which was first recorded in Tanzania in 1952 and since then Chikungunya has been reported in Burma, Bangladesh, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, West Africa and the Philippines. In the recent decade, Chikungunya is a severe global public health concern. Chikungunya predominantly transmitted by bites of mosquitoes of the Aedes genus (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) the same mosquito that transmits Dengue fever, only female mosquitoes are infective because they require a blood meal for the formation of the egg. Vertical transmission occurs between mother and fetus. The infected Chikungunya mosquitoes can be found for biting throughout daylight hours especially early morning and late afternoon. The Chikungunya viral disease occurs in victims of all ages in both sexes. Following a bite by an infected mosquito, the disease manifests itself after an average incubation period of 2-4 days (range: 3-12 days), predominant clinical features include, high fever, joint pain, rash, myalgia etc. Serum specimen is collected within 5 days for the Reverse Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT –PCR) to detect the viral RNA and ELISA/ICT detect anti-Chikungunya antibody (IgM and IgG) after 1st weak of infection. Specific treatment and a recognised vaccine are not available for Chikungunya, but symptomatic treatments are available like paracetamol and painkiller for high fever and local pain. Elimination of mosquito habitats is the best way to prevent and control of Chikungunya infection.
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