Five different popular marketed brands of tea produced in Bangladesh viz; Tetley-Premium, Lipton-Taaza, Finlay-Premium, HRC-Clevedon, Ispahani-Blender's choice were studied before expiry dates to evaluate their status of qualitative parameters viz; Caffeine, Total Polyphenol Content (TPC), Theaflavin (TF), Thearubigin (TR), Highly Polymerized Substances (HPS), Total Liquor Colour (TLC), Briskness Index (BI) and Colour Index (CI). All the studied parameters were found to have been varied with brands. The values of caffeine and TPC were found to be varied from 2.65% (Finlay-Premium) to 3.28% (Tetley-Premium) and 24.58% (Lipton-Taaza) to 12.76% (Tetley-Premium) respectively. Similarly, the estimated values of TF, TR and TLC were detected to be maximum in Lipton-Taaza tea but maximum HPS was in Finlay-Premium tea whereas minimum TF and TLC was in Tetley-Premium tea and minimum TR and HPS was in HRC-Clevedon tea. In contrast, BI and Cl were found to be the highest in Ispahani-Blender's choice and HRC-Clevedon tea respectively and the lowest in Tetley-Premium tea. The present study concludes that the Lipton-Taaza tea is superior over the other brands in respect to qualitative status and all the studied brands may, therefore, be ranked as: Lipton-Taaza > Finlay-Premium > Ispahani-Blender's choice > HRC-Clevedon > Tetley-premium.
Raspberry fruits were used to investigate their possible activity against free radicals with possible implication in alleviating oxidative stress. A detailed in vitro antioxidant profiling, has been executed with a motive to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of raspberry fruits extract. The immune cell proliferative properties (MTT) and in vitro assay for evaluation of their antioxidant activities including hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide were investigated. GC‐MS and FTIR analysis have been performed for the proper identification of active biological compounds. The results showed that raspberry fruit extracts have potent free radical scavenging capacity. ROS generated due to H2O2 in HEK‐293 cell line were normalized in the highest group (200 µg/mL) when compared with control group. MTT assay also proved that raspberry fruit extracts have the potentiality to modulate the immune system. In the present study, the peak characteristics of FTIR revealed that raspberry fruit extracts might be a probable source of many natural phyto‐compounds. The compounds identified by the GC‐MS analysis are known to have potent antioxidant activity. The present study clearly demonstrates that raspberry fruit extracts (Rubus lineatus and Rubus treutleri) are effective in alleviating ROS and RNS related complexities while being absolutely safe for human consumption and beneficial for the immune system.
Practical applications
Naturally occurring antioxidants have become increasingly popular over its synthetic counterpart in food, pharmaceutical and even in cosmetic industries due to its minimal side effects and ease in absorbance in physiological environment namely human body. Local people of Darjeeling Hills consume raspberry unaware of its medicinal properties. The aim of our study is to establish the medicinal properties of raspberry fruits through the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity.
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