BackgroundCalculus pyonephrosis is difficult to manage. The aim of this study is to explore the value of a patented suctioning sheath assisted minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the treatment of calculus pyonephrosis.MethodsOne hundred and eighty two patients with calculus pyonephrosis were randomizely divided into observation group (n = 91) and control group (n = 91). The control group was treated with MPCNL traditionally using peel-away sheath while the observation group was treated with MPCNL using the patented suctioning sheath.ResultsAll the patients in the observation group underwent one stage surgical treatment, 14 patients in the control group underwent first-stage surgery with the rest of the group underwent one stage surgery. The complication rate was 12.1% in the observation group, significantly lower than the rate in the control group which was 51.6%; One surgery stone clearance in the observation group was 96.7% while it was 73.6% in the control group; operative time in the observation group was (54.5 ± 14.5) min, compared to (70.2 ± 11.7) min in the control group; the bleeding amount in the observation group was (126.4 ± 47.2) ml, compared to (321.6 ± 82.5) ml in the control group; the hospitalization duration for the observation group was (6.4 ± 2.3) days, compared to (10.6 ± 3.7) days in the control group. Comparison of the above indicators, the observation group was better than the control group with significant difference (p < 0.001 each).ConclusionsMinimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy with the aid of the patented suctioning sheath in the treatment of calculus pyonephrosis in one surgery is economic, practical, and warrants clinical promotion.Trial registrationThis study was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on May 18, 2016 (retrospective registration) with a trial registration number of ChiCTR-IOR-16008490.
Oxidative stress has been linked to the progression of mutations and cancer. Increased glutathione (GSH) contents have been observed in a number of different human cancer tissues. GSH is synthesized in a two-step process catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). The present study aimed to investigate whether GCL was associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The protein expression levels of the GCL subunits (catalytic subunit, GCLc; and modulatory subunit, GCLm) and GCL activity were examined in renal cancer tissue. A total of 46 patients fulfilling the RCC criteria of the World Health Organization, revised in 2004, were enrolled. The tumor and adjacent tissues were sampled from all the subjects by surgery. The study demonstrated that GCLc and GCLm protein expression and the GCL activity were significantly increased in the tumor tissue from RCC patients. These results indicate that increased expression and enzymatic activity of GCL is closely associated with RCC and thus, this suggests an important role for GSH in the pathogenesis of RCC.
Varicocele (VC), considered a correctable reason for male infertility, is defined as testicular pathology caused by anomalous elongation and/or dilatation of the pampiniform veniplex (Antonuccio et al., 2021). Patients with VC are mostly asymptomatic; however, some present with scrotal pain and testicular atrophy (Lomboy & Coward, 2016). Therefore, it has been widely concerned because of its association with infertility, testicular atrophy and scrotum pain discomfort. VC occurs mostly on the left side and minimally on the right side; the proportions of left, right and bilateral are 77%-92%, <1% and 7%-22%, respectively (Zhao et al., 2021). At present, numerous factors such as oxidative stress, hormonal confusion, elevated scrotal temperature, autoimmunity, inverse flow of gonadotoxic metabolites and altered blood flow have been proposed to be involved in VC pathology (Hassanin et al., 2018;Naughton et al., 2001). Microscopic VC resection is highly effective for reducing recurrence and complications in patients with VC, and testicular pain can be effectively treated by microscopic subinguinal VC resection (Al-Gadheeb et al., 2021;Zini, 2007). The prevalence of VC in the general population, primary infertile men and secondary infertile men is 15%-20%, 21%-41% and 75%-81%, respectively (Li, Liu et al., 2021). In addition, studies have shown that VC can reduce sperm function and reduce sperm quality, including sperm morphology, concentration and motility (Agarwal et al., 2021;Wu et al., 2014), thereby resulting in dyszoospermia. The dyszoospermia
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