ABSTRAK<br />Kalium merupakan unsur hara yang paling banyak diserap oleh<br />tanaman jahe dibandingkan N dan P. Produktivitas tanaman akan menurun<br />apabila kekurangan unsur hara K, karena K mempunyai fungsi penting<br />pada proses fotosintesis, aktifitas enzim, metabolisme karbohidrat, protein<br />dan sebagai transport ion. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan<br />Sukamulya sejak Januari sampai Mei 2010. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah<br />untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk KCl terhadap pertumbuhan,<br />hasil, serapan hara, dan mutu rimpang jahe muda. Perlakuan disusun<br />dalam rancangan acak kelompok dan diulang 4 kali. Perlakuan yang<br />dicoba terdiri atas delapan perlakuan pupuk KCl yaitu; 0, 50, 100, 150,<br />200, 250, 300, dan 350 kg/ha. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah 50 x 60<br />cm, dengan populasi 100 tanaman/plot. Contoh tanaman diambil pada<br />umur 4 BST, sebanyak 5 tanaman setiap satuan perlakuan. Peubah yang<br />diamati adalah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, bobot segar rimpang,<br />bobot kering rimpang dan tanaman, kadar minyak atsiri, pati, serat, hara<br />N, P dan K. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman, bobot<br />segar rimpang, bobot kering batang+daun dan bobot kering rimpang<br />meningkat secara nyata dengan meningkatnya perlakuan pupuk KCl.<br />Tinggi tanaman, bobot segar rimpang, bobot kering batang+daun tertinggi<br />dicapai pada perlakuan pupuk KCl dosis 350 kg/ha, masing-masing adalah<br />86,88 cm, 272,51 g/tanaman, dan 27,46 g/tanaman. Peningkatan bobot<br />kering batang+daun dan bobot segar rimpang berkorelasi positif dengan<br />meningkatnya pemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha, membentuk<br />persamaan linier (r = 0,610 tn dan 0,643 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaan<br />masing-masing P = 0,987** dan 0,99**. Kadar serat rimpang meningkat<br />membentuk persamaan kuadratik (R 2 = 0,792*) dengan peningkatan<br />pemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha, dengan tingkat kepercayaan P =<br />0,997**. Serapan hara N, P dan K berkorelasi positif dengan peningkatan<br />pemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha. Serapan N membentuk<br />persamaan linier (r = 0,541 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaan P = 0,977**,<br />serapan P membentuk persamaan kuadratik (R 2 = 0,798*) dengan tingkat<br />kepercayaan P = 0,992**, dan serapan K membentuk persamaan kuadratik<br />(R 2 = 0,643 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaan P = 0,947**.<br />Kata kunci : Zingiber officinale Rocs., pupuk KCl, pertumbuhan, mutu,<br />hasil jahe muda<br /><br />ABSTRACT<br />Potassium is the nutrient most absorbed by ginger compared to N<br />and P nutrients. Crop productivity will decline if it lacks of K nutrient,<br />because K has an important function in the photosynthesis of process,<br />enzyme activity, metabolisms of carbohydrates and proteins, and it also<br />functions as an ion transport. A study, conducted at Sukamulya<br />Experimental Station from January to May 2010, aimed at determining the<br />effect of KCl fertilizer application on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, and<br />quality of young ginger rhizomes. Treatments were arranged in a<br />randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of<br />eight KCl fertilizer dosages, namely: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and<br />350 kg/ha. Planting space used was 50 x 60 cm, with plants population of<br />100/plot. Five plants per treatment unit were sampled at the age of 4<br />months after planting. Variables observed were plant height, number of<br />tillers, rhizome fresh weight, dry weights of rhizomes and plants, contents<br />of essential oil, starch, fiber, and N, P, and K nutrients. The results showed<br />that plant height, rhizome fresh weight, stems + leaf dry weight, and<br />rhizome dry weight increased significantly in line with the increase in KCl<br />fertilizer dosages. The best results of plant height, rhizome fresh weight,<br />and dry weight of stem + leaf were achieved at the highest dosage of KCl<br />fertilizer (350 kg/ha). The measures were 86.88 cm, 272.51 g/plant, and<br />27.46 g/plant, respectively. Increase in dry weights of stem + leaf and<br />fresh rhizome were positively correlated with increasing fertilizer dosages<br />of KCl up to 350 kg/ha, forming a linear equation (r = 0.610 tn and r =<br />0.643 tn ) with P confidence levels of 0.987** and 0.99**, respectively.<br />Increase in fiber content of rhizomes formed a quadratic equation (R 2 =<br />0.792*) by increasing dosages of KCl fertilizer up to 350 kg/ha, with a P<br />confidence level of 0.997**. Uptakes of N, P, and K nutrients were<br />positively correlated with increases in KCl fertilizations up to 350 kg/ha.<br />Uptakes of N nutrient formed a linear equation (r = 0.541 tn ) with a P<br />confidence level of 0.977**, P uptakes formed a quadratic equation (R 2 =<br />0.798*) with a P confidence level of 0.992**, and uptakes of K also<br />formed a quadratic equation (R 2 = 0.643 tn ) with a P confidence level of<br />0.947**.<br />Key words: Zingiber officinale Rocs., KCl fertilizer, growth, quality,<br />young ginger rizhome
<p><strong>Effect of water stress on the production and quality of Sonchus arvensis L.</strong></p><p>Study on water stress in Sonchus arvensis L was conducted to improve the quality and production of leaves. Pot experiment was conducted at geen house Bogor Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops from July to November 1996, with 7 kg latosol dry soil of Cimanggu Bogor per pot. Randomized block design with four replications were used. Eight treatments of water stess and casting were applied i.e. (I) 100% field capacity (FC) no casting, (2) 100% FC + casting, (3) 80% FC + casting with water stress started at 30 days alter planting (dap), (4) 60% FC + casting with water stess started at 30 dap, (5) 40% FC + casting with water stress started at 30 dap, (6) 80% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 DAP, (7) 60% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 dap, (8) 40% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 dap. Results showed that chlorophyl content leaf aea, fresh and dry weight of leaves deceased at a water stress of 60% FC strated al 30 dap the higher the water stress the lower the measurement of those parameters, but the higher the content of K and Na. The highest yield of fesh and dry leaves, respectively 53.22 and 4.58 g/plant was produced by the plants treated in 100% PC + casting. The plant treated in 40% FC started at 30 dap resulted in the highest quality of simplisia indicated by the highest content of K (8.2%) and Na (0.227%). With the treatment, K and Na conlent increased by 13.6 and 95.7% espectively and the dry weight of simplisia decreased by 62.9%.</p>
<p><strong>Growth pattern and nutrient uptake of Echinacea purpurea</strong></p><p>Echinacea purpurea or purple cone flower, belongs lo Aslcraceac family which grown naturally in Noth America. The plant known as is Ihe number one Immune herbs in the world, since it has a greal potential lor improving and developing leukocyte cell activity. Recently, Echinacea has been evalualcd/tcsled as adjuvant in cancer therapy, AIDS and chronic exhaustion. Echinacea purpurea is more potential for immunity improvement lhan those of other herbal medicine. Therefore, the study on its growlh rale, growth pattern, and nutrient uptake in a new tropical environmental condition is very important in order lo suppot its cultivation technology, lo identify the growth pattern, growlh rale, nutrient uptake, and simplisia quality. A ield trial had been conducted in Cipanas at 1 100 m above sea level (asl) in 1999-2000. Plot size was 4x3 m, and plant spacing was 50 x 40 cm. Ten samples was taken from each growth stage of the plants. The growth stages were (I) vegetative I (VI) at I month alter planting (map), (2) vegetative 2 (V2) al 1 .5 map, (3) generative I (Gl) at 2 0 map, (4) generative 2 (G2) at 2.5 map. (5) generative 3 (G3) at 3.0 map. and (6) generative 4 (G4) al 3.5 map. The results of the research showed thai growth rate, nutrient uptake of N, P. K. Mg. and S linearly increased in line with Ihe increase of plan! ages The highest dry weight accumulation was found on aerial part of plant (slem I leal), and the lowest was occurred on root pat. The amount of dry weight accumulation was 75.72 g/plnul. and nutrient uptake oIN, P. K.Ca, Mg, and S. respective!) was 1529.1. 1 40.01. 1943.25, 654.59. 358.66. and 88.57 mg/plant.</p>
ABSTRAKMeniran (Phyllantus niruri L.) merupakan tanaman liar berkhasiat obat, bahan bakunya sebagian besar diperoleh secara menambang. Pemupukan pada tanaman meniran dalam rangka meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutu belum banyak dilakukan. Percobaan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan mutu herba meniran. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cimanggu dari Januari sampai Juni 2013. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok empat ulangan dengan delapan perlakuan pemupukan. Perlakuan pemupukan terdiri dari (1) kontrol (tanpa pupuk), (2) 20 t ha K. Secara kualitatif, kandungan metabolit sekunder alkaloid, tanin, saponin, flavonoid, fenolik, triterpenoid, dan glikosida simplisia meniran tidak berbeda nyata pada semua perlakuan pemupukan. Kata kunci: Phyllantus niruri, pemupukan, produksi, mutu simplisia ABSTRACT Phyllantus niruri L. is medicinal plant which is mostly obtained by gathering from wild, thus there was no information related to its cultivation technology. The research was aimed to know the effect of fertilizers to growth and quality of
ABSTRAKKepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) merupakan tanaman obat langka. Dahulu tanaman kepel hanya ditanam di lingkungan keraton khususnya di Jawa. Tanaman kepel pada umumnya diperbanyak melalui biji, oleh karena itu untuk memperbaiki kualitas dan mempercepat masa produksi maka diperlukan perbanyakan secara sambung pucuk. Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan dan vigor benih hasil sambung pucuk. Penelitian sambung pucuk di laksanakan di rumah kaca, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Bahan tanaman kepel diperoleh dari Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dimulai dengan penyiapan batang bawah yang diperoleh dari biji kepel disemaikan di bak plastik kemudian setelah berkecambah dipindahkan ke polibag. Setek pucuk diperoleh dari pohon induk berumur lebih kurang 30-50 tahun, diambil dari Jawa Tengah. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah: tanpa ZPT (kontrol), luka sayatan di semprot dengan air, 25, 50, dan 100% air kelapa, dan larutan 500 ppm GA 3 . Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 tanaman. Parameter yang diamati adalah, persentase tanaman tumbuh setelah 1, 2, dan 3 bulan grafting, jumlah daun baru, panjang dan jumlah tunas baru. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap bulan selama tiga bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase benih kepel hidup umur tiga bulan setelah penyambungan tertinggi pada perlakuan air (82,64%), tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 25% air kelapa dan kontrol (kering). Pemberian perlakuan air kelapa 25, 50, dan 100% tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan persentase benih hidup, namun mampu mempertahankan vigor benih dari umur dua bulan sampai tiga bulan setelah penyambungan. Pemberian hormon GA 3 dosis 500 ppm tidak berpengaruh terhadap persentase benih hidup, tetapi mampu mempertahahan vigor benih yang tumbuh. Kata kunci: Stelechocarpus burahol, perbanyakan vegetatif, ZPT ABSTRACT Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) is a rare medicinal plant, formerly the plant was only grown in the palace, especially in Java. Commonly, kepel was propagated generatively through seed. Therefore, it is important to find appropriate vegetative propagation technique to improve yield quality and accelerate fruiting period. The purpose of this study was to increasing of the percentage of successful and shoot vigor grafting. The research was conducted at glass house of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute. Plant material was obtained from West Java and CentralJava. Rootstock was prepared by sown the seed in the plastic container and once the seeds were germinated, they were transplanted to the polybags. As for scions, the material was obtained from plants of years old grown. The tested treatment were the application of plants growth regulator (PGR) to the incision between scion and rootstock : no PGR (dry), water, 25, 50, 100% coconut water, and 500 ppm GA 3 25, 50, and 100% coconut water, to increased shoot vigor at two MAG and three MAG. The application of PGR had no effect to the successful of grafting on kepel.
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