Mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is one of the important fibre crops having worldwide acceptance. The crop was found to susceptible to a number of seed and seedling disease causal pathogens; most of them were seed-borne in nature. Germination of seeds and seed-borne fungi were recorded using standard blotter method which varied significantly among different treatments ranged from 84% to 97.33%. The highest (97.33%) germination was found in case seed washed with water and then treated with garlic extract (1 : 1) and washing of seeds with water followed by treating with Knowin 50 WP. Nine different fungi were detected in samples of mesta seeds in using standard blotter method. The fungi were Macrophomina phaseolina, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum corchori, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium spp., Aspergillus favus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp. The finding of the study revealed that seed washing with water followed by seed treatment with garlic extract (1 : 1) or Knowin 50 WP (0.2%) resulted significant reduction of seed-borne fungal population and enhancing seeding vigor.
Efficacy of BAU-Biofungicide (3%), garlic extract (1:1), Bavistin (0.2%) and Tilt 250EC (0.2%) were evaluated against seed borne fungal pathogens of chilli collected from Lakshmonkhola, Mugarchar and Tulatuli villages under Comilla district. Four hundred seeds of each sample were tested following blotter incubation and sand culture method. Using blotter incubation method, five different seed borne fungi, namely, Colletotrichum capsici, Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp, and Curvularia lunata were detected from the chilli seeds. BAU-Biofungicide (3%) and followed by garlic extracts (1:1) was found most effective among five different treatments for increasing the germination percentage as well as controlling the associated seed borne fungi in chilli seed. Highest germination percentage (89.50%) was observed in BAU-Biofungicide (3%) treated seeds. Highest reduction of Colletotrichum capsici, Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp, and Curvularia lunata was observed when seeds were treated with BAU-Biofungicide (3%) and garlic extract (1:1). The highest vigour index of chilli seed collected from Lakshmomkhola, Mugarchar and Tulatuli villages were 494.56, 403.23 and 333.37, respectively was observed in BAU-Biofungicide treated seeds.
Efficacy of seed washing, garlic extract, prewashed seeds treated with garlic extract, Knowin 50 WP (Carbendazim) and prewashed seeds treated with Knowin 50WP were evaluated on seed borne fungi of jute seeds. Nine seed borne fungi were detected on both deshi and tossa jute seed samples collected from sadar upazilla of Barisal district viz., Macrophomina phaseolina, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium spp, Colletotrichum corchori, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp.. Physical seed washing and garlic extract were found effective against seed borne diseases of jute which significantly decrease the association of seed borne fungi from jute seeds. Prewashed seeds treated with garlic extract showed highest germination and highest reduction of seed borne mycoflora from desi and tossa jute seeds. Knowin 50WP or prewashed seeds treated with Knowin 50WP were found effective to reduce seed borne fungi from jute seeds. Highest vigor index was obtained in jute seedlings raised from prewashed seeds treated with Garlic or Knowin 50WP. Thus, prewashed seeds treated with Garlic or Knowin 50WP resulting significant reduction of seed-borne fungal population and enhancing seeding vigor.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 318-323
Aqueous extract of some indigenous plant parts were evaluated for its efficacy to control sheath blight of rice. Six treatments were applied, viz. T1-control (water spray), T2-Tulsi (Ocientific tenuiflorum) extract (1:10), T3-Nishinda (Vitex negundu) extract (1:10), T4-Thankuni (Centella asiatica) extracts (1:10), T5-Biskatali (Polygonum hydropiper) extract (1:10) and T6-Proud (Propiconazole @ 0.2%) as a positive control. Effect of these plant extracts on percent tiller infection and percent relative lesion height of sheath blight of rice cultivar BRRI dhan 49 was determined at 55, 75 and 95 day after transplanting (DAT). Number of infected tillers per hill differed significantly among the different treatments. The highest number of infected tillers was observed in control treatment. The lowest and statistically similar number of infected tillers was found in fungicide, Proud (Propiconazole)-and Biskatali-treated plots. Reduced number of infected tillers was observed in Tulsi, Thankuni and Nishinda. Highest percent tiller infection was recorded in control and lowest percent tiller infection was recorded in Proud and Biskatali, which were statistically similar. Nishinda, Tulsi and Thankuni had reduced tiller infection in compare to control. Percent reduction of tiller infection over control was achieved by proud followed by Biskatali. The highest lesion height was observed in control and lowest lesion height was found in Proud followed by Biskatali. The highest percent relative lesion height was recorded in control followed by Thankuni. The lowest percent relative lesion height was recorded in Proud preceded by Biskatali. Highest percent reduction of relative lesion height over control was achieved by proud followed by Biskatali. Thus, plant extracts of Biskatali, Tulsi, Nishinda and Thankuni are effective to control sheath blight of rice. Among the plant extracts, Biskatali showed highest control of sheath blight disease of rice.
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important and familiar spice as well as vegetable crop throughout the world. Storage rot due to various diseases caused by bulb rotting fungi is a major constrain for storing onion year-round in Bangladesh. The fungi associated with onion collected from different markets of Mymensingh, Naogaon and Sathkhira districts of Bangladesh were studied aiming to record the incidence of storage diseases as well as storage variability and conditions on disease incidence of onion. Disease incidence was recorded from storage of the retailers in two local varieties of onion,viz.,Taherpuri, Faridpuri and one Indian variety Pusa Red. Initially, infected onion bulbs were found maximum in Faridpuri and minimum amount was found in Pusa Red. Month-wise disease incidence showed that highest number of infected onion bulbs was found in Pusa Red and lowest number of infected bulbs was found in Taherpuri. Similarly highest disease incidence (%) was recorded in Pusa Red and lowest disease incidence (%) was recorded in Therpuri. Among the different markets average number of fungal infected bulbs was highest in the samples collected from Dhamoirhat bazaar of Naogaon district and lowest in the samples collected from Natun bazaar of Mymensingh district. Highest infected bulbs were found in onions stored in cold room (6°C) followed by Free floor and Bamboo basket. Lowest infected bulbs were found in onions stored in dried sands followed by net-bag and jute bag. Thus, the fungal diseases in storage are higher in large sized onion bulbs than indigenous small sized onions and in cold room (6°C) than net-bag or jute bag.Progressive Agriculture 26:45-50, 2015
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