Introduction To date, no definitive results have been reported on the effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Therefore, this systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on PMS. Methods In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, the databases were searched. In this regard, randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on PMS were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool. Meta‐analysis was done based on random effects model and calculation of standardized mean difference (SMDs). Results The results of meta‐analysis showed that omega‐3 fatty acids were efficient in reducing the severity of PMS in women (SMD = −0.968, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.471 to −0.464). In addition, the results showed that the studies were heterogeneous (I2 = 89.11%, p <0.001). Based on meta‐regression analysis, aging (β = −0.150, 95% CI −0.202 to −0.098, p <0.001) and increasing the duration of intervention (β = −0.579, 95% CI −0.781 to −0.378, p <0.001) had a significant effect on the severity of PMS. We also found that omega‐3 fatty acids could significantly reduce the somatic (SMD = −0.800, 95% CI: −1.126 to −0.474) and psychological (SMD = −0.373, 95% CI: −0.686 to −0.061) symptoms of PMS. Conclusion Omega‐3 fatty acids could reduce the severity of PMS. However, we should caution in the conclusion in affirming the beneficial effects of n‐3 PUFAs on PMS, since the heterogeneity is evident in the analysis. The efficacy of the treatment was enhanced by increase of the treatment duration.

Background & objective: Patients treated with mechanical ventilation may need sedatives and analgesics due to discomfort, pain, lack of coordination with the device, immunity maintenance, and oxygenation elevation. The use of sedation scoring protocols and systems reduces the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of controlled sedation based on the Richmond model on the duration of mechanical ventilation in patients admitted to the ICU.  Methodology: This experimental study was performed on 60 patients admitted to ICU, who had been selected by simple random sampling and divided in two intervention and control groups. The data collection tools included the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), and Berne separation program checklist. In the intervention group, intervention was performed according to the standard Richmond protocol, but the control group received only the routine care. After the intervention, data were collected at 24 hours, 48 ​​hours and 72 hours after the intervention by SPSS-21 statistical software, and then were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-test, independent t-test and repeated measure).

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Background & aim: Anxiety before invasive procedures such as colonoscopy is one of the most common psychological problems in patients. Nowadays, providing education using different methods before invasive procedures to control patients' anxiety and pain has received a lot of attention. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of face-to-face training and educational videos on anxiety and physiological parameters of patients undergoing colonoscopy. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 105 candidates for colonoscopy referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Hamadan were selected by available sampling method from February 2019 to September 2020 and assigned to two groups of face to face (n=52) and educational videos (n=53). Face-to-face training was performed for 15 minutes the night before the colonoscopy. The training video was broadcast to patients for 15 minutes the night before the colonoscopy. Patients' anxiety before and after training was measured by Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire. Physiological indices were recorded by physiological index table, 5 minutes before, during and 5 minutes after colonoscopy. Data were analyzedby chi-square tests, Ttest, Paired t-testand analysis of variance with repeated measuresin SPSS 16 software. Results: In both groups of face-to-face training and educational video, the mean score of overt and covert anxiety after the intervention was significantly lower (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of overt and covert anxieties in two groups before the intervention. However, after the intervention the mean score of anxiety in the educational film group was significantly lower than the face-to-face training group (p<0.05). From physiological indicators, only systolic blood pressure was statistically different between two groups at all times of measurement (p<0.05). Conclusion:The results of the study showed that training through educational videos has a greater effect on controlling anxiety in patients undergoing colonoscopy than face-to-face training. Therefore, according to the patient's condition, this method can be used instead of the usual method of face-to-face training to better train and control patients' anxiety.