RESUMOUm reator UASB em escala piloto (160 l) foi usado com o objetivo de estudar seu comportamento hidrodinâmico quando submetido a variações cíclicas senoidais da vazão afluente. Os ensaios foram realizados com traçador eosina Y para as condições operacionais: vazão média afluente constante e igual a 16 l.h -1 e tempo de detenção hidráulica de 10 h (ensaios 1 e 2), e para vazão afluente submetida à variação senoidal de 40% (ensaios 3 e 4) e de 60% (ensaio 5). A variação da concentração do traçador no efluente foi ajustada pelos modelos teóricos de dispersão de fluxo e de reatores em série. O reator UASB apresentou comportamento similar ao de reator de mistura completa para vazão média afluente constante e similar ao reator de fluxo pistonado com a aplicação das variações senoidais cíclicas, sendo que o modelo de pequena dispersão apresentou melhor ajuste matemático. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Mathematical models for hydrodynamic characteristics evaluation of reactors are commonly used however there is a lack of information in the literature concerning the application of mathematical modeling for non-steady state flow. In this thesis, it is presented a non-steady mathematical model to simulate the hydrodynamic behavior of pipe flow reactors with diffusion in order to evaluate the effect of the variation of the influent flowrate in the hydrodynamic parameters. The simulations were performed considering constant flowrate and volume, variable flowrate and volume and, variable flowrate and constant volume. It was investigated the influence of two types of stimulus-response assays, pulse and step function, on the application of mathematical models and the determination of the experimental retention time distribution curves. Theoretically, both tests should provide the same results although the pulse stimulus assay usually presents higher experimental sensitivity. As it was expected, both tests presented the same final results. The tested tracers were also evaluated in relation to the pulse and step stimulus-response tests. Three tracers were tested (bromocresol green, bromophenol blue and eosin Y) and it was shown that they provided different curves. It was studied the construction of the experimental retention time distribution curves using two procedures as an auxiliary tool for modeling. The proposed mathematical model was calibrated with data of bench scale reactors submitted to different cyclical variations of flowrates. Moreover, data of UASB reactor in pilot scale-submitted to 40 and 60% of cyclical variations of flowrates-were utilized to calibrate and verify the obtained mathematical model. The results found with the mathematical model proposed in this research showed that the variations in influent flow rate can not be neglected. The model adequately represented a pilot scale UASB reactor. The results showed that the diffusion coefficients differ significantly for high flowrate fluctuations, when compared to other mathematical models that do not incorporate variable flowrate, depending upon the hypothesis used to derive the model.
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