Increasingly, educators have been charged with delivering academic and other instruction to groups of students who are culturally unlike themselves. What teachers know regarding the attitudes toward cultural diversity can be a powerful determinant of the academic, social, and behavioral opportunities and outcomes for students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in special education. Teachers are encouraged to integrate culturally responsive (CR) practices across the special education experience to better address the needs of these students. Typically, when included, it is in the areas of school discipline (behavior), transition, and family involvement. In this article, the authors discuss (a) the minoritization of students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, (b) the effects of forced special education (e.g., overrepresentation and disproportionality), and (c) current CR practices in special education (e.g., working with families, classroom and behavior management, and transition services). Suggestions for creating culturally sustaining and inclusive environments in special education are recommended.
African American children and youth are disproportionately represented in special education, school suspensions, expulsion, and the school-to-prison pipeline. Research indicates that increasing the engagement of African American parents in their child’s education is an indicator of academic success for African American students. This article discusses ways that schools and educators can engage African American parents with children with disabilities in school through a parent aspirational meeting that builds on the aspirations African American parents have for their children while in school and beyond the boundaries of school.
The COVID-19 pandemic made the use of technology across K-12 schools mandatory and ubiquitous. This sudden shift in teaching and learning highlighted educational disparities and created service disruptions for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students with disabilities. One disruption, in particular, is the provision of behavioral interventions for CLD students with emotional and behavioral needs while learning at home. Unfortunately, families are often not equipped with the skills and knowledge to implement these interventions, and CLD families need coaching that is responsive to their cultural and linguistic needs. Therefore, in this article, we describe a process that includes (a) funds of knowledge as a framework to challenge teacher perceptions of CLD families by highlighting their cultural and cognitive resources, (b) family coaching using funds of knowledge framework and online tools, (c) key components prior to behavior intervention plan (BIP) development, and (d) a step-by-step description of how the BIP can be developed and implemented at home with CLD families using this coaching model.
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted education in a multitude of ways. During this time, school districts struggled to provide students with disabilities access to services and supports under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). School personnel were required to continue holding meetings to review students’ Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) yet did not always have the resources and skills to do so. The increased digital divide between culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) families and their White counterparts posed additional challenges for them, such as access to technology and lack of experience with various technology tools. Although this expedited the need for culturally responsive virtual IEP meetings, this option should continue to be provided outside of pandemic contexts. Therefore, it is critical for teachers to facilitate virtual IEP meetings creating spaces where CLD families can participate as equal partners. Utilizing the tenets of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy (CRP) can help this endeavor. This article explains several recommendations for teachers and school personnel to create identity-honoring, culturally responsive IEP meetings in virtual spaces.
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