A new species of Turraea L. (Meliaceae) is described from Southwestern Madagascar : Turraea cauliflora J.-F. Leroy & Lescot ex Randrianari. & Callm. The new species is endemic to the Analavelona massif, which is a sacred forest to local population and recently became a protected area. The Analavelona region exhibits a unique subhumid vegetation in an area dominated by dry habitats. The new species differs from the other Malagasy species of Turraea by its cauliflorous inflorescence and its pubescence on the peduncle and fruit. Line drawings are provided, along with a discussion of its morphological affinities and a preliminary assessment of its risk of extinction based on IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
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