Obesity may modulate systemic and periodontal levels of adipokines in favour of pro-inflammation, independently of periodontal therapy. SRP did not affect the circulating levels of adipokines in patients with or without obesity.

Modern lifestyle has resulted in an increase in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities in pregnant women and the young population. It has been well established that the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) has many direct effects on glucose metabolism. However, it is important to assess whether maternal consumption of a HFD during critical periods of development can lead to metabolic changes in the offspring metabolism. This study evaluated the potential effects of metabolic programming on the impairment of insulin signalling in recently weaned offspring from obese dams. Additionally, we investigated if early exposure to an obesogenic environment could exacerbate the impairment of glucose metabolism in adult life in response to a HFD. Swiss female mice were fed with Standard Chow (SC) or a HFD during gestation and lactation and tissues from male offspring were analysed at d28 and d82. Offspring from obese dams had greater weight gain and higher adiposity and food intake than offspring from control dams. Furthermore, they showed impairment in insulin signalling in central and peripheral tissues, which was associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways. Adipose tissue was ultimately the most affected in adult offspring after HFD rechallenge; this may have contributed to the metabolic deregulation observed. Overall, our results suggest that diet-induced maternal obesity leads to increased susceptibility to obesity and impairment of insulin signalling in offspring in early and late life that cannot be reversed by SC consumption, but can be aggravated by HFD re-exposure.

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Louisiana growers planted their first industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) crop in 2020. A total of 932 licensed acres were planted, predominantly with CBD cultivars, for hemp fiber, extraction of plant resin, and grain and seed production. Between June and August of 2020, southern blight was reported from all major growing areas including Avoyelles, East Baton Rouge, Lafayette, Lincoln, and Rapides Parishes. Disease incidence and severity varied from 10-50% and 30-90%, respectively. Based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis, the fungus was identified as Athelia rolfsii (anamorph: Sclerotium rolfsii). To our knowledge, this is the first report of southern blight of industrial hemp caused by Athelia rolfsii in Louisiana.

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Objective To evaluate the early stages of the setting process of chemically activated restorative glass-ionomer cements (GICs). Material and methods Five GICs were evaluated ( n = 5): Equia Forte (GC), Equia Forte HT (GC), Ketac Universal (3M ESPE), Maxxion R (FGM) and Riva Self Cure (SDI) by Thermography, Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and Gillmore needle indentation mechanical testing. The FTIR-ATR spectra showed the formation of metal carboxylates within the cements and enabled the stabilization time (ST) to be determined and the thermographic camera measured the temperature field images in the sample. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer ( α = 5%). Results The Gillmore needle test showed that the order of hardening was opposite to the order of ST values determined by FTIR. The results with the thermographic camera showed two stages of temperature variation, which coincided with the evolution of specific infrared bands. The exception was Maxxion R, which showed only a single step change in temperature. Conclusion The early stages of the GIC setting reaction show temperature changes, both endothermic and exothermic, at specific times, confirming the occurrence of individual chemical reactions. The early setting involves reactions other than carboxylate formation. Significance : This study gives further detail of the early stages of the setting of GICs, and past research regarding the setting reaction of GIC.

Species of the Candida genus represent the third most common cause of onychomycosis, the most frequent and difficult to treat nail infection. Onychomycosis has been attributed to fungi organized in biofilm and some natural products have proved promising for its treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of propolis extract (PE) and its by-product (WPE) on 7-day preformed biofilms produced by Candida albicans in polystyrene microplates, as well as in an ex vivo model on human nail fragments. The cytotoxicity and permeation capacity were also assessed. Firstly, multiple parameters were evaluated over 7 days to elucidate the dynamics of biofilm formation by C. albicans. The cell viability and total biomass did not vary much from the beginning; however, days 3 and 4 were crucial in terms of metabolic activity, which was significantly increased, and the levels of extracellular matrix components, wherein proteins and nucleic acids experienced an increase, but polysaccharide levels dropped. Architecturally, one-day biofilm showed a monolayer of organized cells (blastoconidia, hyphae, and pseudohyphae), while in the seven-day biofilm there was a three-dimensional well-structured and complex biofilm. This yeast was also able to form a biofilm on both surfaces of the nail, without an additional nutritional source. Both extracts showed excellent antibiofilm activity against the 7-day preformed biofilm and were not toxic to Vero cells at concentrations compatible with the antifungal and antibiofilm activities. Both extracts permeated the experimentally infected nail, with WPE being more efficient. The results of this study, taken together, reinforce the potential of these natural products, containing propolis, as a safe option for the topical treatment of onychomycosis.