Objetivo: analisar a aplicação do referencial dos Direitos Humanos dos Pacientes, particularmente o direito à privacidade, o direito de não ser submetido à tortura e outros tratamentos cruéis, desumanos e degradantes, e o direito de não ser discriminado, como ferramenta para a promoção da qualidade de vida dos pacientes em paliação. Metodologia: tratou-se de pesquisa teórica e documental, alicerçada nos trabalhos de Albuquerque, Cohen e Ezer sobre os Direitos Humanos dos Pacientes, e nos documentos referentes aos cuidados paliativos da Organização Mundial de Saúde, da Associação Europeia de Cuidados Paliativos, da Associação Internacional de Cuidados Paliativos, da Aliança Mundial de Cuidados Paliativos, da Carta de Praga e do Observatório Direitos dos Pacientes da Universidade de Brasília. Resultados: o aumento do número de pessoas com doenças fora de possibilidade de cura provocou um remodelamento nos cuidados em saúde com foco na melhoria da qualidade de vida, surgindo a necessidade de implementar cuidados paliativos, que no Brasil ainda se apresentam incipientes para a demanda. No Brasil, há iniciativas recentes para a aplicação dos direitos humanos aos cuidados em saúde, utilizando o referencial dos Direitos Humanos dos Pacientes. Conclusão: empregar o referencial dos Direitos Humanos dos Pacientes implica prestar cuidados centrados no paciente, que se caracterizem como abrangentes e integrais, direcionados à qualidade de vida dos pacientes, indo ao encontro do objetivo dos cuidados paliativos. Assim, é possível superar o predomínio da prática mecanizada e resgatar o valor da existência humana em sua singularidade.
Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is characterized by high levels of blood pressure in the arterial vessels. Orem's theory of self-care has become an important tool for the prevention of diseases and reduction of morbidity and mortality due to this cause, considering the extrinsic and modifiable factors of the disease. This study aims to reflect on the nursing care of hypertensive elderly people, based on Orem's theory of self-care. This is a study with a qualitative and descriptive approach, theoretical-reflective, from the perspective of Dorothea Orem's theory of self-care. The SciELO library, BDTD and BDENF databases were used. The search period was from February to May 2022, with time delimitation from 2017 to 2022. To guide the search, the DeCS/MeSH were applied: ¬"Nursing Theory OR (Health of the Elderly AND Hypertension OR Nursing Theory" in SciELO and "Nursing Care" OR "Elderly" AND "Nursing Theory" AND "Aging" in BDENF and BDTD, associated with the Boolean operators AND and OR. According to the eligibility criteria, 27 articles were included in this theoretical-reflective study. Orem considers self-care, the execution of actions that the individual initiates and executes in his own interest, in order to maintain life, stay healthy and in function of well-being. Therefore, to make a difference in nursing care to the elderly with SAH, it is essential to connect knowledge from nursing theories, research and clinical practice. As well as, to reflect on the practice of self-care by the elderly, understanding whether it is necessary to intensify the development of research on the subject investigated.
Trauma can be understood as a disease that involves the exchange of energy between the environment and the body, resulting in injuries of varying extent and intensity, which affect different systems and organs. Its occurrence requires that victims in clinical or traumatic situations receive emergency care in the extra-hospital environment. In assessing the victim to identify a possible hemorrhage or fracture, the professional requires prior knowledge of human anatomy and physiology. Thus, this study aims to identify, in the literary bases, the main actions and care adopted by nurses for clients who are victims of trauma with limb fractures. This is an integrative descriptive literary review, in which 10 articles published in the last 5 years were selected, found in BVS, LILACS and GOOGLE SHOLAR, using the keywords: Pre-hospital care; Traffic accident; Trauma; First Aid Nurse and Nursing Care. For the results and discussions, ten publications that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. It showed that the implementation of protocols in care practices by the nursing team directs the steps in the primary assessment, allowing the pre-hospital care provider to use critical thinking to achieve the best care for each patient. Thus, it is understood by this work approached, that having the knowledge of the main techniques addressed in the health protocols, minimizes the risks of trauma victims, and that the teams can promote safe care to patients, whether they are pre-hospital or not.
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