Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o autocultivo de Cannabis para fins medicinais no Brasil, avaliando em que medida a prática poderia ser enquadrada como uma tecnologia social, na formulação de Renato Dagnino. Com base em dados coletados em trabalho de campo (entrevistas semiestruturadas) em dois centros urbanos no Brasil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro) e de uma participante nos Estados Unidos, identificam-se características dessas práticas que as aproximam de uma tecnologia social, como a adaptação a pequena escala, o atendimento a demandas sociais por meio de trabalho cognitivo, a participação ativa de produtores e usuários em seu desenvolvimento, e a ausência de diferenciação entre patrão e empregado. Pondera-se, entretanto, que a noção de tecnologia social está bastante ligada a um objetivo de transformação do setor produtivo, o que talvez limite a aplicação desse conceito em situações de produção não-comercial, para atendimento de necessidades diretas; e que a consideração dos riscos na produção de medicamentos talvez torne pouco aconselhável a generalização de práticas caseiras como a do autocultivo. Propõe-se que essa situação poderia ser remediada com o emprego de estratégias de ciência aberta e cidadã, envolvendo o diálogo com instituições públicas do campo tecnológico e científico.

RESUMO Esse artigo mostra como o processo de regulamentação do canabidiol no Brasil possibilitou o desenvolvimento de uma expertise leiga com influência em instituições e políticas públicas. O canabidiol é um dos compostos presentes na cannabis com potencial anticonvulsivo. O texto aponta similaridades desse ativismo com o da Aids nos 1990 a partir da análise de Steven Epstein. Credibilidade, capacidade de mobilização, domínio sobre a linguagem da ciência e autonomia estão entre os fatores que formam esse leigo diferenciado. O texto questiona, no entanto, se esse leigo é representativo de outros e se ele contribui para uma ciência mais democrática.Palavras-chave: Ciência Cidadã; Expertise Leiga; Maconha – Uso Terapêutico; Canabidiol – Uso Terapêutico; Regulamentação do Canabidiol.ABSTRACT This article shows how cannabidiol regulation in Brazil enabled the development of lay expertise with influence in public institutions and policies. Cannabidiol is a compound identified in cannabis, with anticonvulsant potential. The text points out similarities of this experience with that of Aids activists in the 1990’s based on Steven Epstein’s analysis. Credibility, mobilization, mastery over the language of science and autonomy are among the factors that produce this distinguished layman. This work inquires, however, if this layman is representative of others and if he contributes to a more democratic science.  Keywords: Citizen Science; Lay Expertise; Marijuana – Therapeutic Use; Cannabidiol – TherapeuticUse; Canabidiol Regulation

Summary By 30 May 2021, Brazil had 16 471 600 COVID-19 cases and 461 142 deaths, ranking second in the world in number of deaths and third in number of cases. Preliminary research results in Brazil and around the world show the impact of COVID-19 on more vulnerable communities. However, despite the adverse circumstances of their territories, leaders have mobilized to face the challenges. Between April and June 2020, the authors of this article interviewed informants in eight Brazilian state capitals, addressing the five points of discussion (intersectoriality, sustainability, empowerment and public participation, equity and the life cycle perspective) recently presented by EUPHA-HP, IUHPE and UNESCO Chair Global Health & Education. Official actions and documents from the Ministry of Health and Municipal Health Departments (SMS) of each capital were also analyzed. No records were found of official actions aimed at COVID-19 that addressed the territories’ specificities. In total, 15 promotional actions by the communities were identified. The selection of local actors to take on specific responsibilities during the pandemic is highlighted as a relevant action. This action alone weaves together at least three of the five HP principles (equity, life cycles and empowerment). We consider that previous forms of political empowerment, such as the recognition of territories and educational initiatives, have contributed to the subjects who are leading these inventive initiatives. However, although there is scope for promotional actions, there are infrastructural limitations that only public policies could mitigate. Such actions would demand deliberate coordination between the government and social movements, which is absent in the current context of national governance.

Currítulo Lattes 4172 O problema é uma variante do "Paradoxo de Mênon", descrito por Platão no diálogo com Sócrates. "E de que modo procurarás, Socrátes, aquilo que não sabes absolutamente o que é? Pois procurarás propondo-te que tipo de coisa, entre as coisas que não conheces? Ou, ainda que, no melhor dos casos, a encontres, como saberás que isso é aquilo que não conhecias?" (PLATÃO, 2001, 80d)

More than four years after the Zika virus epidemic, we are left with the task of investigating its legacy. Here, we describe the impact of the causal association between the Zika virus and the abnormalities seen in fetuses, a search that marked the scientific and press agenda at the time. By using the Social Studies of Science and Technology, which establishes the scientific fact as co-produced by science and society, we carried out 17 semi-structured interviews between scientists, managers, health professionals and families of the children in eight Brazilian cities. We observed that causality had a partial and dubious impact on the organization of services - with the overlap between surveillance and care initially generating asymmetries in the Brazilian Unified Health System. Between families and health professionals, there are demands for research on interventions and care, considered as not being prioritized among scientists. Among the researchers, we notice a gap between study and coping, with the social being constituted by demands that are not integrated into the scientific field. For future public health crises, we point to multiplying the number of research questions and study designs, so that social demands find flow in scientific doing.

In this exploratory descriptive review, we synthesize the limited body of literature that has investigated whether, how, and why data journalists engage with open data. Fuelled by the open science movement, research and government data are increasingly shared online. While data journalists are ideally positioned to turn these datasets into compelling, accessible, and socially relevant stories, little is known about their use of these information sources and how this might affect their audiences. Through a critical reading of the literature, we provide an overview of key findings and gaps, as well as directions for future research. Given the rise of open data during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role data journalists have played in reporting on the evolving crisis, we also explore differences in literature published before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that theoretically grounded, mixed methods research that explicitly examines data journalists’ use of open data is sorely needed, especially research that attends to the varied forms and practices that can emerge in different journalistic cultures, media market structures, and political contexts. Such research could enable scholars to better support data journalists and their audiences in taking advantage of open data.

Resumo Passados mais de quatro anos da epidemia de Zika vírus, tem-se a tarefa de continuar a investigar o seu legado. Aqui, descreve-se o impacto da associação causal entre o Zika vírus e as alterações observadas em fetos e bebês, uma busca que marcou a pauta dos cientistas e da imprensa entre 2015 e 2017. Por meio dos estudos Sociais de Ciência e Tecnologia, que vê o fato científico como coproduzido pela ciência e pela sociedade, realizamos 17 entrevistas semiestruturadas entre cientistas, gestores, professionais de saúde e famílias de crianças em oito cidades brasileiras. Vê-se que a causalidade teve impacto parcial e dúbio na organização dos serviços - com a sobreposição entre vigilância e atenção, gerando, inicialmente, assimetrias no Sistema Único de Saúde. Entre as famílias e profissionais de saúde, nota-se demandas por pesquisas de intervenções e de cuidado, consideradas como não sendo prioridade entre os cientistas. Já entre os pesquisadores, observa-se distanciamento entre estudo e enfrentamento, com o social sendo constituído por demandas não integradas ao campo científico. Para que demandas sociais encontrem fluxo no fazer científico, sugere-se para crises futuras de saúde pública a multiplicação do número de perguntas da ciência e a maior diversidade dos desenhos de pesquisa.

An increase in child malformations in 2015 in Brazil is associated with a Zika virus spread months earlier, leaving disputes that still echo. Using elements from a sociology field dedicated to scientific controversy mapping, the present study conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with researchers and administrators involved in this causal association. Our work investigated how actors from different areas observe the role of social conditions in the outcome of the Congenital Zika Syndrome (SCZ) and the paths taken to mitigate them after the epidemic. Concern with social variables and their relevance in the SCZ outcome was observed, with a widespread disappointment about the referral of these issues after the case’s peak; however, these factors have not entered the core narrative about causality. There are epistemic disputes about this outcome. Some attach responsibility to the public power or resign themselves to the result; others demand more active positions from researchers who had access to the decision-making process, with disagreements about the positioning of science. The article points out the need for reflective sciences that dialogue with their agency on the phenomena, as well as for interdisciplinary and multicausal articulations for public narratives on public health crises in Brazil.