Imidacloprid (IMD), 1(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine, was administered in female mice to study in vivo cytogenetic (chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronucleus assay) and hematological effects. The acute oral LD50 was determined to be 150 mg/kg bw in mice following OECD guidelines using AOT StatPgm425 software. The mice were administered orally with distilled water (negative control); mitomycin C (MMC), 1 mg/kg (positive control) and sub-lethal doses of 37.5 (low), 75.0 (medium) and 112.5 (high) mg/kg bw (25%, 50% and 75% of LD50) of IMD to analyze CAs and hematological effects after 24 h, whereas micronucleus test (MT) after 48 h. The genotoxicity analysis revealed that selected test doses of IMD--medium and high doses--induced significantly mitotic inhibition (p < 0.01), CAs (p < 0.01) and at high dose micronucleus (MN) formation (p < 0.05). Significant changes in red blood cell (RBC; p < 0.01), hemoglobin (Hb; p < 0.01) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; p < 0.001) were observed, except WBC in which significant increase (p < 0.001) was observed. Present observation substantiates overall significant dose dependent genotoxic potential (p < 0.05; r = 0.98) of IMD. Precautions should be taken to minimize possible risk to exposed farmers of the state of Haryana (India)--an agrarian economy.
Imidacloprid insecticide was selected to study its effects on biochemical (total protein, acetylcholinestrase and nucleic acids) and histological (liver) parameters in female albino mice at orally administered doses of 25, 50 and 75% LD 50 Imidacloprid and 40 mg/kg bw Cyclophosphamide (CP) and distilled water (DW). Significant decrease in total protein (P<0.01), acetylcholinestrase (P<0.001) and DNA (P<0.05) were observed with increase in doses as compared to control group whereas slight dose dependent significant increase was noticed for RNA (P<0.01). The change noticed in DNA and RNA for low dose of Imidacloprid was insignificant. The maximum damage with CP and 75% LD 50 Imidacloprid dose were noticed. Liver of mice showed degeneration of hepatocytes, dilation of sinusoids, irregular hepatic cords arrangement, leucocytes infiltration, necrosis and hemorrhages. This reveals biochemical and histotoxicity induction by Imidacloprid so awareness about its judicious use by farmers/users is of pivotal importance to have safe next generations.
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