year survival of patients with chronic systolic heart failure... 543 INTROduCTION Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease and arterial hypertension, the incidence and prevalence of chronic systolic heart failure (CHF) are still on the rise. 1-3 In people aged from 35 to 64 years, arterial hypertension causes a 4-fold increase in the risk of CHF; in elderly patients, the increase is 2-fold. 4,5 Disorders of the circadian rhythm of arterial pressure, such as the absence of night-time dip, are associated with a 2-fold increase in CHF risk. 6 Hypertension leads to left ventricular (LV) overload and to alterations in cardiac structure and function, referred to as hypertensive heart disease. 7,8 The left ventricle adapts its size and shape to an increased afterload, which requires a greater energy input so as to maintain its cardiac output. Macro-and microangiopathy-related ischemia as well as fibrosis additionally impair the ventricular function. Excessive activation of the neurohormonal system maintains the faulty cycle of remodeling, thereby causing further pro-AbsTRACT INTROduCTION Despite advances in medicine, chronic systolic heart failure (CHF) due to hypertension still constitutes a serious clinical challenge. ObjECTIvEs The aim of the study was to determine risk mortality factors in a 3-year follow-up of patients with CHF due to hypertension. PATIENTs ANd mEThOds The study involved 140 consecutive stable inpatients with CHF (left ventricular end diastolic diameter >57 mm; left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <40%), without epicardial artery stenosis (>30% vessel lumen), significant heart defect, diabetes, neoplastic, disease, or chronic kidney disease, with a minimum 5-year history of hypertension, and administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (or angiotensin II receptor antagonists), β-adrenolytics, spironolactone and furosemide for 3 or more months. The follow-up began on admission to the hospital after laboratory tests, resting electrocardiogram and echocardiogram, six-minute walk test, coronarography, and endomyocardial biopsy. Late follow-up data was obtained from the follow-up visits or by telephone. REsuLTs The analysis involved 130 of 140 patients aged 47.8 ±7.9 years. The 3-year mortality rate was 18.5%. Independent risk factors for death were LVEF (hazard ratio [HR], 0.881; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.797-0.975,
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