The goal of this work is to study the influence of different curing systems on the cure characteristics and performance of styrene–butadiene elastomer (SBR) filled with carbon black or nanosized silica. A multifunctional additive for rubber compounds, namely Activ8, was applied as an additional activator and accelerator to increase the efficiency of sulfur vulcanization and to reduce the content of zinc oxide elastomers cured in the presence of 2-mercaptobenzothizole or 1,3-diphenylguanidine as a primary accelerator. The influence of the curing system composition on the crosslink density and physical properties of SBR vulcanizates, such as mechanical properties, thermal stability, and resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, is also reported. Activ8 effectively supports the vulcanization of SBR compounds, especially filled with nanosized silica. It reduces the optimal vulcanization time of SBR compounds and increases the crosslink density of the vulcanizates. Moreover, vulcanizates with Activ8 exhibit higher tensile strength and better damping properties than elastomer with zinc oxide. Activ8 allows the amount of ZnO to be reduced by 40% without detrimental effects on the crosslink density and mechanical performance compared to the vulcanizates conventionally crosslinked with ZnO. This is an important ecological goal since ZnO is classified as being toxic to aquatic species.
Background:The subject of the article's research is the broadly understood idea that innovation contributes to economic growth. Economic growth is one of the most important research issues undertaken in the scope of economic sciences. Modern phenomena and socio-economic trends indicate that innovation as an element conditioning the economic growth of countries. We are forced to pay attention to factors such as knowledge, experience, creativity, and what binds them together, innovations being the products of creative effort. Innovative activities are designed to support the well-being of citizens and society, as well as to provide industry and enterprises with a competitive position on both domestic and international markets. Societies need innovation to achieve a high quality of life: new products, services, technologies, and organization systems. New products are often modelled on known ones, through specific changes, improvements, or simplifications of own or foreign products whereas new ideas, in general, have their source in knowledge. 1 Research purpose: The aim of this article is an attempt to answer the research question: "why innovation is a key factor in economic development and growth?" To start with, the pioneering definition of J. Schumpeter regarding innovation in economy was reviewed, by i.a. Ph. Kotler, M.E. Porter or R.W. Griffin and selected Polish scientists. The following subchapters present types of innovation and the role of innovation processes in the modern economy, as well as results of studies convincing of the significant role of innovativeness in the economy. Methods: Literature analysis was used as the research method. The first part reviews the terms of innovation and innovativeness. Conclusions: The following conclusions emerge from the article: a country's economy achievesa higher economic growth, the better it uses the resources at its disposal, such as: natural conditions, financial resources, material capital created by people, and those to which increasing importance is attached, i.e. knowledge resources: patents, scientific and expert support, human resources, skills, creative potential as well as cultural capital, meaning attitudes and values related to innovation. Enterprises, through innovations, improve and update production processes, increase productivity, efficiency, and quality of work, which translates into higher employee remuneration.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.