Ciprofloxacin is one of the most potent fluoroquinolone antibiotics in medical treatment with a widely effective antibacterial activity. Aim of the presented paper was to use boron doped diamond electrodes for a sensitive, simple and reliable voltammetric determination of ciprofloxacin in human urine samples. Prior to the electrochemical analyses, an optimal boron doping level was determined in order to achieve the highest sensitivity. A set of boron doped diamond electrodes with the doping level in the range from 0 to 20 000 ppm B/C was used for this purpose. Electrochemical behavior of ciprofloxacin was investigated using cyclic voltammetry in an ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5), where ciprofloxacin provided a well‐defined irreversible oxidation peak at a potential of + 1.15 V. Under optimal experimental conditions, the calibration curve obtained by square‐wave voltammetry was linear in a concentration range from 0.15 to 2.11 μmol/L (R2=0.9974). A very low limit of detection (0.05 μmol/L) was obtained for the BDD electrode with the highest doping level. The developed square wave method was successfully applied to the determination of ciprofloxacin in human urine samples with a very good recovery (from 97 to 102%).
A new, simple, sensitive, and low‐cost voltammetric method using an as‐grown boron‐doped diamond electrode was developed for the determination of erythromycin in environmental (water) samples. Erythromycin provided an irreversible oxidation peak at a potential of + 0.87 V versus Ag/AgCl/KCl (3 mol/L) electrode in an ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5). Under optimal experimental conditions, square‐wave voltammetry was used for the determination of erythromycin. The calibration curves showed good linearity in a concentration range from 6.8 to 68.1 μmol/L with the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.9993. The limit of detection of the proposed method was 1.1 μmol/L. Very good repeatability (n = 7) at three different concentration levels (6.8, 13.6 and 20.4 μmol/L) was obtained (RSD of 2.4, 1.8, 1.6, respectively). The developed square‐wave method was successfully applied to the determination of erythromycin in several different water samples with good recovery (from 89 to 107%).
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