Abstract:The assessment of climate dynamics and the impact of land drainage systems on lakeland blind drainage area was the problem studied in the paper. The research area was located based on relative stability of non-climatic physiographic characteristics and water management practices over a longer time-scale. Thus, the influence of non-climatic factors on water storage could be omitted. The study site was situated in Warmia region in the Dopływ spod Nowej Wsi catchment (27.53 km 2 ). One of local seepage ponds called Bagna Ramuckie within the aforementioned catchment was investigated. The study covered the time period since the first half of the 19 th century to the year 2005. The decisive factors affecting processes of increase and decrease of pond water surface area in considered spatial units were the trends of air temperature over the long time scale. It was indicated that natural enlargement of water surface area in the pond occurred after 40-years long period of air temperature decrease and the decline followed 20-year-long period of air temperature rise. Precipitation did not show any trends for long periods but typical cyclic changes of precipitation over a short time-scale. These pluvial cycles stimulated or destimulated processes of water surface changes additionally over short periods. The first episode of water surface decrease in the seepage pond occurred when air temperature rise trend coincided with intensive land drainage and changes in some land management patterns (the 2 nd half of the 19 th century). Nevertheless, during the 20 th century water management practices were rather stable and did not have any impact on rise or decline of seepage pond water surface area.
This paper presents the methodology of taking measurements of active surface energy balance components using the Bowen method. It discusses the applied measurement system, an important part of which are HMD 50U/50Y measurement sensors from Vaisala, adapted to work in the field. Their operation is a source of data for determining vertical profiles of temperature and water vapour pressure. These data are used to determine the turbulence components of the energy balance, i.e., sensible and latent heat. Measurements taken during the vegetative season on rape field showed that intensive evaporation occurred in the period until the end of June and that its decrease coincided with the decrease in the value of the degree of plant development determined on the basis of LAI records. In spring, during the period of intensive plant development, the decade sums of evaporation reached 30 mm, after which their quantities fell to the range of 10–15 mm. They became higher only in the periods of precipitation, when the water from the interception was available.
The Wietrzychowice Cultural Park protects one of the last preserved megalithic barrows of the Funnel Beaker Culture people at the Kuyavia Lakeland (Central Poland). Archaeological excavations of the lake palaeolittoral zone were conducted on the nearby Karaśnia Lake shore. Numerous Mesolithic and Neolithic remains were excavated including: flint artefacts, potsherds, arrowheads, and mammal bones with traces of human processing. The SM9G2 core from the Śmieły site covers gyttias and peats with the Holocene history of Karaśnia Lake. The age-depth model is based on 3 AMS and 3 LSC radiocarbon dates as well as cultural remains. The bottom section of the core (275-190cm b.g.l.) includes the record of the early to mid-Holocene layers that fall on the Mesolithic and Neolithic in the region. The multi-proxy study (geochemistry, plant macrofossils, pollen, Mollusca, Cladocera and Chironomidae analyses) were conducted on the Mesolithic-Neolithic section of the core. Additionally, Chironomidae subfossil analysis was conducted on the SM1 core from another part of the Karaśnia Lake shore zone, documenting the mid-Holocene age of the lake littoral shore development.
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