The aim of the present work was to evaluate suitability of cereals and pseudocereals for the development of new probiotic foods and to evaluate the stability of cereal and pseudocereal porridges fermented by probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Ten samples of cereals and pseudocereals obtained from Slovak mill house and markets were used in this work. A mixture of each cereal and pseudocereal samples with water (10% w/v) was inoculated after sterilization with coequal number of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, to obtain approximately 5-6 log colony form units per gram of suspensions. Fermentation was led at 37 ∘ C during 10 hours. Fermented suspensions were stored for 21 days at 5 ∘ C. Monitoring of cell counts, pH value, and concentration of organic acids during fermentation and storage was done.
The aim of this work was to find new substrates suitable for growth and metabolism of probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which would be interesting for development of new functional food. The growth and metabolic activity of Lb. rhamnosus GG in cereal (rye, barley, oat and millet) porridges were monitored during fermentation process. Cereal and porridges, were inoculated with this strain at two initial levels to obtain approximately 5 or 6 log colony form units per gram of suspension after sterilization and cooling,. Fermentation was led stationary at 37 °C for 48 hours and viable cell count, pH value, titratable acidity and organic acids were analysed. Metabolic activity of Lb. rhamnosus GG was influenced by inoculation level and by the type of cereal used. The cereals fermented by lactic acid bacteria, especially probiotic strains, might broaden the offer of probiotic products for those suffering from milk allergy.
doi:10.5219/2422014
Kocková M., Valík Ľ. (2014): Development of new cereal-, pseudocereal-, and cereal-leguminous-based probiotic foods. Czech J. Food Sci., 32: 391-397.The suitability of the selected cereals, pseudocereals, and legumes for new probiotic foods development was tested. Probiotic products were produced by inoculating buckwheat, dark buckwheat, barley, oat, soya, and chickpea in combination with oat with lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and subsequent moulding to eliminate water from the cooked grains. The cell growth, pH and organic acid profiles were monitored during fermentation process at 37°C for 10 h followed by the storage period at 5°C for 21 days. The growth and metabolic parameters were calculated using principles of the predictive microbiology. lb. rhamnosus GG was able to grow in all substrates during fermentation and reached the cell density of 6.68-7.58 log CFU/g, the highest growth rate having been calculated in the oat product (0.341 log CFU/g/h). After the fermentation, the lowest pH value was observed in the barley product (4.52), while after the storage in the oat-soya product (4.32). The greatest amount of lactic acid after the storage period was measured in the oat-soya product (1977.8 mg/kg). Sensory characteristics of the fermented and stored products were also monitored.
New wheat-rye bread fortified with cereal dietary fibre, β-glucan hydrogel, and sourdough starter culture was designed in this study. The impact of these additives on nutritional composition and antioxidant properties was investigated. Functional bread with extruded wheat bran (10.0 %), cereal β-glucan hydrogel (12.5 %), and lactobacilli starter culture was compared with traditional wheat-rye bread (control). The contents of basic nutrients (protein, fat, etc.), dietary fibre, biologically active compounds (polyphenols and flavonoids), qualitative and quantitative analysis of simple saccharides and phenolic acids (by HPLC) were analysed in both bread types. Antioxidant activity, measured by two spectrophotometric methods (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid); ABTS and di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrasyl); DPPH, was also evaluated. The effect of the addition of the above ingredients, as compared with traditionally prepared bread, was examined in the postprandial study, in which glucose and insulin levels were determined. In comparison with the control bread, higher amounts of dietary fibre, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were attained in the designed bread. Consumption of the designed bread led to reduced glucose levels in healthy males (n = 10) 120 min after the ingestion of the functional bread compared with the control (p < 0.048). No statistically significant change in the insulin response in the volunteers was observed after consumption of the designed bread compared with the control.
Cereals and pseudocereals play a significant role in human nutrition. They are source of specific carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fibre and wide spectrum of vitamins and minerals. Moreover, pseudocereals have a higher content of essential amino acids, e.g. lysine and tryptophan. Cereals and pseudocereals may also contain some antinutrition factors, such as phytic acid, polyphenols, trypsin inhibitors and inhibitors of α-amylase. These are responsible for reducing of protein and carbohydrate digestibility and decreasing accessibility of minerals due to complex formation. This review assesses the applications of cereals and pseudocereals in fermentation technology including the effects of lactic acid bacteria on nutrition, sensory quality and shelf-life. This work is focusing also on fermentation process of cereal matrice leading in degradation of antinutritional factors increase of nutritional value and availability of minerals, proteins and carbohydrates. Lactic acid bacteria produce many aromatic compounds that are beneficial to organoleptic atributes of the products. However, a few questions have been not answered in experiments, yet. For eample, is there any space for evaluation of their suitability to act as carriers of probiotics? Could such the attempts lead in development some special formulae suitable for consumers with food allergies or deficiencies?
doi:10.5219/127
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