The aim of the article is to identify and analyze the social determinants of digital exclusion in an ageing society on the example of Poland. The ageing of societies is nowadays a process recognized as a common trend in the world. Demographic changes cause serious socio-economic transformations. Contemporary social and economic systems are dependent on new technologies. Full participation in a technical environment is possible only for individuals with specific technical, social and psychological competences. The ability to use new information and communication technologies becomes a life necessity. In this context questions about the endogenous and exogenous determiants of digital exclusion in ageing societies, as well as about the impact of the digital technology on the emergence of new dimensions of digital exclusion have been raised. The methodological basis of the study are the theories of social and digital exclusion, as well as science and technology studies. The information bases for the study were the GUS (Central Statistical Office in Poland) reports, Eurostat data base and several statistic reports of non-government organizations in Poland. The analyzed period includes 2015-2019 years in cases where the development trends are discusses and 2019 to show the implications of new technologies impact on polish society. The forecasts reach up to 2060. The theoretical study is based on the analytical and semantic method. It has been shown that the analysis of the effects of digital exclusion in an ageing society should cover a much wider range of factors causing negative consequences. Exogenous factors, i.e. barriers preventing Internet use combined with lack of access to new technologies and lack of digital competence should be treated equally to endogenous factors. Motivation to develop and acquire new skills related to individual life strategies of the elderly plays an equally important role in the process of social self-exclusion. Authors also identifies the main dimensions of digital exclusion and presents them as a multi-factor model: Market -trust -economy; Information policy; Marketing -information -knowledge; Electronic democracy; Quality of life -health. The article provides a theoretical framework for the analysis of new dimensions of digital exclusion in ageing societies. It situates the assessment of new technologies in the social context of the progressing demographic changes implications. It points to new categories of social divides in technologically developed societies.
Sustainable development, care for the common good, debates on the challenges of civilization connected with the transformations of society and economies taking place under the influence of the technological factor belong to the issues most commonly covered by social researchers. The advent of the civilization of the future is becoming the much looked forward to conceptual revolution. Technology, technical innovations, technological principles are listed among the range of factors supposed to affect the future condition of the collectivity termed society today. Modern technologies are defined in categories of factors designed to genuinely affect the processes of the social construction of certain narrations of sustainable development. Authors endeavour to shed a light on the controversial role of technology in the process of the social construction of the premises of the conception of sustainable development. Technology alters the way we define the approach to valuating the issue of development in an increasingly complex world, in which it is becoming a difficult task to indicate the universal foundations of the emerging civilization of the future. Will the idea of the common good prevail over the ideological vision of a technological society based on strictly rational values of maximization?
This paper examines the impact of a context indicator of integrated order, such as ways of organising one's life in old age, on social security issues. In the framework of ageing society it concerns the problems of socio-demographic determinants of life choices in old age, which are of the key importance for the sense of social security. Authors explore the results of the research on the representative sample of 1006 adult Poles, which has been carried out using the quantitative method -the diagnostic survey based on a questionnaire survey technique-in 2020. The preferred ways of organising one's life in old age were measured in five areas on the basis of the proprietary six-point nominal scale. The applied methodology helped to explore the preferences of the adult Poles regarding the forms of one's life organisation in old age and to study the determinants of the choices made. The analysis used contingency coefficients -V-Cramer and Phi -to determine the strength of the relationship between the nominal variables assigned to the social security areas under study. The Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between the studied areas of social security and age groups. The sociological approach in measuring the selected context indicator of integrated order in the sustainable development paradigm has been strongly emphasised by authors. The findings suggest that ways of organising one's life in old age are key factors for the sustainability of social security in ageing societies.
Należy jednak zauważyć, że od tego czasu temat ten, mimo że obecny w dyskursie naukowym i społecznym, nie doczekał się publikacji, która syntetycznie ujęłaby przebieg tego procesu w Polsce i Europie Zachodniej, jak również starała się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jak się on będzie rozwijał i jakie przyniesie następstwa?Książka Desekularyzacja we współczesnym świecie -mit czy rzeczywistość?, autorstwa Janusza Mariańskiego, ukazuje się w niezwykle trudnym, ale i interesującym poznawczo czasie. Epidemia Covid 19, której doświadczają społeczeństwa na całym świecie, niezależnie od stopnia swojego rozwoju i zasobności budżetów państwa, w zadziwiający sposób zmusza do zatrzymania i "wyhamowania". Co ciekawe, stawia jednostkę, która tak zachłysnęła się swoją wolnością, wobec przyjęcia reguł i zasad ograniczających tę wolność, ale pozwalających zachować zdrowie, a często życie. W tym kontekście ostatnie miesiące to dla bardzo wielu osób na całym świecie czas obserwacji siebie i podróży "w głąb siebie". To czas poszukiwań, rozważań nad własnym życiem, jego tempem, priorytetami, to również czas zmian.
Strategies of organizing one's life in old age are a broad topic, involving the material-economic, social and psychological aspects. In its fundamental meaning, it refers primarily to everyday activities such as personal care and getting around, as well as social roles such as interpersonal relationships and relaxation. Although the constraints to the participation in normal ageing are well-known, little research has been devoted to planned old-age life organization strategies employed with the view to alleviating the constraints and counteracting social exclusion of elderly people which may be a consequence of a disruption of social participation. The aim of the present paper is to examine the relationships between socio-demographical variables such as age and sex and preferred old-age organization strategies. The research was conducted by means of a diagnostic survey (face-to-face interviews) with the use of the computer assisted interview questionnaire technique. CAPI interviews (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) were carried out in respondents' homes on a nationwide random sample of households -1006 people aged 15 and over. The sampling frame was the PESEL. A six-item original scale was introduced in order to identify the coping strategies in old age. Statistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric tau-Kendall correlation coefficient with the view to assessing the relationship between socio-demographical variables such as age and gender and oldage life organization strategies. The results: Irrespective of the respondent's age and of their gender, adult Poles definitely preferred old-age life organization strategies consisting in remaining in their own flat and using the natural support system based on a primary network that is bonds with children, the spouse and extended family. Statistical analysis showed a lack of relationship between coping strategies and age and gender. Age and gender do not co-occur with the choice of life organisation strategies in old age.
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