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RESUMOIntrodução: A via de acesso femoral tem sido a preferida para os procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos coronarianos, mas apresenta limitações, principalmente relacionadas a complicações vasculares e hemorrágicas. O acesso transradial é uma técnica mais recentemente empregada com o objetivo principal de diminuir essas complicações, além de produzir maior conforto e redução dos custos de hospitalização, embora com maior curva de aprendizagem. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a realização de coronariografia transradial, executada por operadores sem experiência na técnica, e comparar com a abordagem clássica (Sones e femoral) em termos de sucesso do procedimento e complicações, analisando a influência da curva de aprendizagem. Método: Estudo multicêntrico realizado em 14 hospitais do interior de São Paulo, no período de um ano. Foram randomizados mil pacientes de maneira equivalente para as técnicas transradial ou clás-sica. Resultados: A taxa de sucesso em ambos os grupos foi similar (97,8% vs. 98,5%; P = 0,47). No grupo clássico, 95,2% dos procedimentos foram realizados pela técnica de Sones. O número de cateteres utilizados, a duração do procedimento e o tempo de exposição aos raios X foram maiores no grupo transradial (P < 0,001). Não houve diferença quanto às complicações maiores (morte, infarto e acidente vascular cerebral) e quanto às complicações vasculares e hemorrágicas. Os grupos que realizaram mais de 100 procedimentos pela artéria radial (3 centros/5 operadores) obtiveram menor taxa de insucesso (1,6% vs. 3,6%; P = 0,04). Conclusão: Um período de aprendizagem para a realização de procedimentos pela via transradial mostra-se necessário, porém não se acompanha de menor índice de sucesso, nem tampouco de maior taxa de complicações para os pacientes. DESCRITORES: Artéria radial. Angiografia coronária. Aprendizagem. ABSTRACT Transradial Coronary Angiography: Learning Curve, Evaluated by a Multicenter StudyBackground: Femoral access for diagnostic and therapeutic coronary procedures has been the dominant approach worldwide, despite an increased risk of vascular and hemorrhagic complications. The transradial approach is a more recent technique used to reduce these complications, providing more comfort and reducing hospitalization costs. However, it is associated with an inherent learning curve. The aim of the study was to evaluate transradial coronary angiography performed by inexperienced operators and compare the success and complication rates of this technique with the classical approach (Sones and femoral), analyzing the influence of the learning curve. Methods: Multicenter, randomized study, in 14 hospitals in São Paulo State in a one-year period. One thousand patients were randomized to the transradial or classical techniques. Results: The success rate was similar in both groups (97.8% vs. 98.5%; P = 0.47). Sones technique was used in 95.2% of the procedures in the classical technique group. The number of catheters used, the duration of the procedure and X-ray exposure were greater in the tr...

50% em 88,5%, com taxa de crossover de 1,5%. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 4,5% e a taxa de sangramento grave foi de 1%, sendo um episódio de hemorragia digestiva alta e uma queda de hemoglobina de 5 g/dl. As complicações vasculares relacionadas ao sítio de punção limitaram-se a três casos de hematoma tipo II e a dois casos de hematoma tipo III, sem repercussão clínica e com resolução espontânea. CONCLUSÃO: O acesso radial representa uma via eficaz e segura para a realização de intervenção coronária percutânea primária por operadores habituados ao emprego da técnica, com ocorrência virtualmente nula de complicações vasculares graves relacionadas ao sítio de punção.]]>

BackgroundArterial access is a major site of bleeding complications after invasive coronary procedures. Among strategies to decrease vascular complications, the radial approach is an established one. Vascular closure devices provide more comfort to patients and decrease hemostasis and need for bed rest. However, the inconsistency of data proving their safety limits their routine adoption as a strategy to prevent vascular complications, requiring evidence through adequately designed randomized trials. The aim of this study is to compare the radial versus femoral approach using a vascular closure device for the incidence of arterial puncture site vascular complications among non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients submitted to an early invasive strategy.MethodsARISE is a national, multicenter, non-inferiority randomized clinical trial. Two hundred patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome will be randomized to either radial or femoral access using a vascular closure device. The primary outcome is the occurrence of vascular complications at an arterial puncture site 30 days after the procedure, including major bleeding, retroperitoneal hematoma, compartment syndrome, hematoma ≥ 5 cm, pseudoaneurysm, arterio-venous fistula, infection, limb ischemia, arterial occlusion, adjacent nerve injury or the need for vascular surgical repair.ResultsEnrollment was initiated in September 2012, and until October 2013 91 patients were included. The inclusion phase is expected to last until the second half of 2014.ConclusionsThe ARISE trial will help define the role of a vascular closure device as a bleeding avoidance strategy in patients with NSTEACS.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01653587

Occurrence of ischemic complications after transulnar coronary procedures is virtually absent. The presence of a complete deep palmar arch in approximately 95% of the population as well as the great capacity of the collateral circulation of the hand might justify these findings. We report the occurrence of complications in 62 patients submitted to coronary procedures through the transulnar approach, without assessment of the integrity of the deep palmar arch by the inverse Allen's test. The rate of asymptomatic occlusion of the ulnar artery was 3%, without any ischemic complication. We believe the performance of Allen's test is not necessary when using transulnar access.

Background: The development of major bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, and advanced age is one of its main predictors. This analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of the use of the transradial approach on the incidence of bleeding complications in elderly patients undergoing PCI. Methods: This was a consecutive and controlled registry of patients ≥ 60 years of age undergoing PCI by the transradial approach. Angiographic procedure success, technical failure, and the incidence of ischaemic adverse events and major bleeding were evaluated. Results: Between May of 2008 and December of 2010, 707 elderly patients underwent PCI; in 635 patients (89.8%), the transradial approach was used. The mean age was 69.9 ± 7.2 years, and 11.5% were > 80 years of age. 39.7% of the patients female, and 30.9% had diabetes mellitus. Acute ischaemic syndrome accounted for 72% of the clinical indications. The angiographic success rate was 96.8%, with a crossover rate of 2.8%. The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.4%: myocardial infarction occurred in 0.9%, stroke occurred in 0.3%, and stent thrombosis occurred in 0.9%. Hematomas were reported in 1.6% of the procedures, with a major bleeding rate of 0.8%. Conclusions: In elderly patients undergoing PCI, representative of contemporary practice and with high risk of bleeding, the use of the transradial approach, was associated with a low major bleeding rate.

background:The radial approach has demonstrated superior benefits to the femoral approach in reducing vascular complications and bleeding events associated to percutaneous coronary interventions. However, because this is a more complex procedure, it requires a learning curve to get all of the advantages of the technique. The aim of this study was to present the characteristics of the procedures of a center that prioritizes the use of radial approach. Methods: Prospective registry of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using the radial or ulnar access where angiographic success, technical failure, ischemic adverse events and severe bleeding rates were assessed. A pre-specified analysis of the group undergoing PCI for the right coronary artery was performed, comparing patients using Judkins right catheter (JR) or Amplatz catheters. Results: Between April 2010 and May 2012, 1,117 patients underwent PCI, 1,040 (93.1%) by the radial approach and 50 (4.5%) by the ulnar approach. Sedation was performed in 58.5% of the patients, the crossover rate was 1.2%, and angiographic success was 96.2%. Extra backup catheters were used in 99.1% of PCIs for the left coronary artery, JR in 69.4% and Amplatz in 27.1% of the PCIs for the right coronary artery. When the JR and Amplatz were compared, longer procedure duration, longer fluoroscopy time, larger number of catheters, more frequent lesion predilation and higher number of implanted stents were observed in the group using Amplatz catheters as well as lower angiographic success rates. Conclusions: The use of radial access in PCI showed a high success rate and a low rate of major cardiac

RESUMOIntrodução: A realização de procedimentos coronários invasivos pelo acesso radial tem sido crescente, graças à exibição de dados consistentes que corroboram sua segurança e eficácia. Embora seja uma complicação infrequente e, na maioria das vezes, assintomática, a oclusão da arté-ria radial, quando ocorre, impede a reutilização dessa via em procedimentos futuros. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo que avaliou pacientes submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) pelo acesso radial, utilizando o dispositivo de compressão radial TR Band TM como técnica para obtenção de hemostasia com manutenção de fluxo anterógrado, de acordo com novo protocolo proposto para o manuseio do dispositivo. Resultados: No período entre fevereiro e março de 2011, foram incluídos 30 pacientes submetidos a ICP com a utilização do dispositivo TR Band TM para obtenção de hemostasia após o procedimento. Entre os pacientes avaliados, 27 (90%) relataram conforto e ausência de dor na região do punho; a saturação arterial de oxigênio manteve-se > 90% em 29 (96,6%) pacientes; não se constatou episódio de oclusão arterial, mantendo-se o pulso presente após o término da compressão e na alta hospitalar em todos os casos; e a hemostasia foi obtida no intervalo e com a retirada do volume de ar predeterminado em 26 (86,7%) pacientes. Conclusões: Neste estudo, o dispositivo de compressão radial TR Band TM demonstrou ser técnica segura e eficaz de hemostasia, com manutenção de fluxo anterógrado após a ICP. A utilização do protocolo proposto neste estudo para o manejo do dispositivo mostrou ser factível e de fácil aplicação, sem a demanda por avaliações frequentes, que podem desestimular seu uso mais amplo.