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Abstract:This paper describes three prototypes of computer-based clinical record-keeping tools that use a combination of window-based graphics and continuous speech in their user interfaces. Although many of today’s commercial speech-recognition products achieve high rates of accuracy for large grammars (vocabularies of words or collections of sentences and phrases), they can only “listen for” (and therefore recognize) a limited number of words or phrases at a time. When a speech application requires a grammar whose size exceeds a speech-recognition product’s limits, the application designer must partition the large grammar into several smaller ones and develop control mechanisms that permit users to select the grammar that contains the words or phrases they wish to utter. Furthermore, the user interfaces they design must provide feedback mechanisms that show users the scope of the selected grammars. The three prototypes described were designed to explore the use of window-based graphics as control and feedback mechanisms for continuous-speech recognition in medical applications. Our experiments indicate that window-based graphics can be effectively used to provide control and feedback for certain classes of speech applications, but they suggest that the techniques we describe will not suffice for applications whose grammars are very complex.

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Keywords: Image database, subjective perception, graphical user interface, spatial relationship, image expression model, visual languageThe human interface plays an important role in an information retrieval system. Visual information is a good human-machine communication system. This paper proposes an image retrieval scheme based on the assumption that end-users make use of image database systems. When a human being looks at graphical materials such as artistic paintings, hekhe memorizes them using two patterns in his/her visual memory: the fust pattern is that of looking roughly at the whole irna~;e, the second is that of paying attention to specific objects such as a person or a desk.