The effect of oat bran- (OBD) and wheat bran-enriched diets (WBD) on fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids of rat lymphocytes and macrophages was investigated. In neutral lipids of lymphocytes, OBD reduced the proportion of palmitoleic acid (48%), whereas WBD reduced by 43% palmitoleic acid and raised oleic (18%), linoleic (52%), and arachidonic (2.5-fold) acids. In neutral lipids of macrophages, OBD increased palmitic (16%) and linoleic (29%) acids and slightly decreased oleic acid (15%). The effect of WBD, however, was more pronounced: It reduced myristic (60%), stearic (24%) and arachidonic (63%) acids, and it raised palmitic (30%) and linoleic (2.3-fold) acids. Neither OBD nor WBD modified the composition of fatty acids in phospholipids of lymphocytes. In contrast, both diets had a marked effect on composition of fatty acids in macrophage phospholipids. OBD raised the proportion of myristic (42%) and linoleic (2.4-fold) acids and decreased that of lauric (31%), palmitoleic (43%), and arachidonic (29%) acids. WBD increased palmitic (18%) and stearic (23%) acids and lowered palmitoleic (35%) and arachidonic (78%) acids. Of both cells, macrophages were more responsive to the effect of the fiber-rich diets on fatty acid composition of phospholipids. The high turnover of fatty acids in macrophage membranes may explain the differences between both cells. The modifications observed due to the effects of both diets were similar in few cases: an increase in palmitic and linoleic acids of total neutral lipids occurred and a decrease in palmitoleic and arachidonic acids of phospholipid. Therefore, the mechanism involved in the effect of both diets might be different.

RESUMOOs cistos esplênicos são raros, podem ser congênitos ou adquiridos e são encontrados, muitas vezes, em exames incidentais. Aparecem como tumorações na topografia do hipocôndrio esquerdo, associados a sintomas obstrutivos e dor abdominal. Os pseudocistos são formados por uma camada de tecido fibroso, sem revestimento epitelial, e têm como fator etiológico mais provável o trauma esplênico prévio. Atualmente, o ultrassom abdominal é o método mais importante para o diagnóstico de cisto esplênico, pois evita a realização de exames mais agressivos. Para o tratamento de cisto esplênico sintomático de grande tamanho, não parasítico, com risco aumentado de ruptura e etiologia desconhecida, a indicação de escolha é a esplenectomia. Este relato objetiva apresentar essa doença incomum, ressaltando seu quadro clínico, métodos diagnósticos e tratamento. Palavras-chave:Pseudocisto; baço; esplenectomia ABSTRACT Splenic cysts are rare, can be congenital or acquired, and are most often found in incidental exams. They appear as tumors in the left hypochondrium, in association with obstructive symptoms and abdominal pain. Pseudocysts are formed by fibrous tissue layer, without epithelial coating, and their most probable cause is previous splenic trauma. Nowadays, abdominal ultrasound is the most important method for the diagnosis of splenic cyst, avoiding more aggressive exams. For symptomatic, large, non-parasitic splenic cysts with high risk of rupture and unknown etiology, splenectomy is indicated. This report intends to present this uncommon disease, emphasizing its clinical condition, diagnostic methods, and treatment.

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BACKGROUNDSporotrichosis is a subacute to chronic infection caused by the dimorphic fungus of the genus Sporothrix. It is a condition found worldwide, with the majority of cases being reported in tropical countries. The most common cause of infection in humans is the Sporothrix schenckii. The incubation period can take days to months after exposure. The infection can be divided into different clinical syndromes, including cutaneous, pulmonary and disseminated. The skin disease develops after inoculation of the fungus, which is more common in activities of constant contact with the soil (gardeners and farmers) and contaminated cats. Despite being relatively common in cats, we did not find any reports or images of destructive nasal lesions in humans. CASE REPORTWe report a 58-year-old female patient, smoker, with a history of subacute lupus for 16 years, currently using hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids ranging from 20 to 60 mg/day, without regular medical follow-up. The patient, during her first appointment in our outpatient clinic, had a 3-month history of an ulcerated, progressive and destructive lesion at the tip of her nose. Recent medical records revealed treatment for syphilis due to positive venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS), but there was no improvement in the lesion. Given the aesthetic impact, the rapid progression of the lesion, and the lack of diagnosis, we decided to admit the patient to perform a skin biopsy. She received a course of broadspectrum antibiotic with piperacillin-tazobactam to treat a secondary cellulitis, without observable therapeutic response. A computed tomography scan of the sinus showed intact bone walls of the paranasal sinuses. The biopsy sample showed chronic granulomatous inflammation with necrosis and negative fungal investigation. Direct mycological examination of the lesion was also negative, but the culture was positive for S. schenckii, confirming the diagnosis of sporotrichosis. The patient was commenced on Itraconazole 200 mg daily and is currently under outpatient follow-up. CONCLUSIONThe case above represents an extremely rare case of an ulcerated and destructive nasal lesion caused by sporotrichosis in a patient with subacute cutaneous lupus on irregular steroid treatment. Despite these lesions being observed in felines, we did not find similar reports in humans.

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The effect of diets enriched with oat or wheat bran (prepared by the addition of 300 g of each fiber to 1000 g of the regular diet), given for 8 weeks, on the mucosal height of the colon and cecum was investigated. Newly weaned (21 days old) and aged (12 months old) male Wistar rats were used in this study. As compared to controls, diets enriched with wheat bran provoked a significant increase in the mucosal height, whereas oat bran did not cause any effect. In newly weaned rats (21 days old), wheat bran increased the mucosal height (µm) in the cecum by 20% (mean ± SEM for 8 rats; 169.1 ± 5.2 and 202.9 ± 8.0 for control and wheat bran, respectively) and in the colon (218.8 ± 7.2 and 264.5 ± 18.8 for control and wheat bran, respectively). A similar effect was observed in aged rats (12 months old), with an increase of 15% in the mucosal height (µm) of the cecum (mean ± SEM of 8 rats; 193.2 ± 8.6 and 223.7 ± 8.3 for control and wheat bran, respectively) and of 17% in the colon (300.4 ± 9.2 and 352.2 ± 15.9 for control and wheat bran, respectively).