Background: Banking has made people run and develop their businesses well, use of computers is a revolution in which work is made easier in banks, it has however been revealed to cause musculoskeletal pain. Computer use requires prolonged sitting or improper body alignment which strains the vertebral column causing back pain.
Maternal undernutrition remains a major public health concern in Rwanda despite significant gains and progress. An integration of nutrition‐specific and nutrition‐sensitive interventions was implemented in five districts of Rwanda to improve maternal and child nutrition. The package included nutrition education and counselling, promotion of agricultural productivity, promotion of financial literacy/economic resilience and provision of Water, Hygiene and Sanitation services. However, there is limited evidence about the effect of such interventions in reducing maternal undernutrition. A postintervention quasi‐experimental study was conducted among pregnant women to determine the effect of the integrated intervention on their nutritional status. It was carried out in two intervention districts, namely Kicukiro and Kayonza, and two control districts, namely Gasabo and Gisagara between November 2020 and June 2021. Five hundred and fifty‐two women were recruited for the intervention arm, while 545 were recruited for the control arm. Maternal undernutrition was defined as either having low mid‐upper arm circumference (<23 cm) during delivery or low body mass index (<18.5 kg/m2) in the first trimester or both. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of the integrated interventions. The prevalence of maternal undernutrition was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (4.7% vs. 18.2%; p < 0.001). After controlling the potential confounders, the risk of maternal undernutrition was 77.0% lower in the intervention group than in the control group [adjusted odds ratio= 0.23; 95% confidence interval = 0.15–0.36; p < 0.001]. Further studies are therefore recommended to establish causation and inform the potential scale‐up of these interventions nationally in Rwanda.
Inadequate maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy is a principal risk factor for poor fetal development, resulting in low birth weight (LBW) and subsequently, poor child growth. Most studies focus on the impact of nutritional interventions after birth while only a few interventions consider integrated nutrition service packages. Therefore, there is limited evidence on whether integrated maternal nutrition interventions have a positive effect on birthweight. Thus, a post-program quasi-experimental study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the integrated maternal nutrition intervention package on low birth weight in Rwanda. A total of 551 mother–baby pairs from the intervention and 545 controls were included in the analysis. Data regarding socio-demographic, maternal anthropometric parameters, and dietary diversity were collected using a structured questionnaire. Birth weight was assessed right after delivery, within 24 h. Logistic regression, linear regression, and path analysis were fitted to determine the effectiveness of the intervention on birth weight. The study found that the intervention reduced LBW by 66.99% (p < 0.001) and increased average birth weight by 219 g (p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified reduced risk of LBW among the intervention group (AOR = 0.23; 95%CI = 0.12–0.43; p < 0.001). It was also observed that the direct effect of the intervention on birth weight was 0.17 (β = 0.17; p < 0.001) and the main indirect mediator was maternal MUAC (β = 0.05; p < 0.001). Moreover, maternal passive smoking exposure and MUAC < 23 cm were found as risk factors for LBW. This study has demonstrated that an integrated maternal nutritional intervention package can significantly reduce LBW in low-income settings and should, therefore, be considered to improve birth weight.
This study investigated the healthcare provider’s knowledge and attitudes towards induced abortion in Rwanda. A total of 152 healthcare providers from six public hospitals in Kigali city participated in this study. Questionnaires were used to record data on demographics, level of knowledge and attitudes towards abortion law then be cleaned, coded and entered into Excel sheet. Then all data were exported into SPSS version 22 for final cleaning and analysis. The study findings revealed that 54.6% were female, 56.0% were single, and 73% participants said that they attended formal training on abortion care. The study findings revealed that 23.70% healthcare providers had poor knowledge towards legal abortion law, and 57.20% had positive attitude with regards to induced abortion law. The findings revealed that religion and formal training on abortion care were among the factors which were strongly influencing attitudes of health care providers towards induced abortion where protestants were unlikely to have positive attitude with regards to induced abortion (AOR=0.277; 95% CI=0.027-0.377; P=<0.001) compared to participants belonged to catholic religion and participants who were not trained were unlikely to have positive attitude with regards to induced abortion (AOR=0.696; 95% CI=0.056-0.721; P=0.048) compared to trained respondents. It concludes that marital status, category of caregiver, religion, formal training on abortion and level of knowledge were the main risk factors of level of attitude towards induced abortion. More training about induced abortion are highly needed among health care providers to increase related knowledge as well as to eliminate negative attitude towards induced abortion.
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