Objective To analyze the cost‐effectiveness of maternity waiting homes (MWHs) in rural Liberia by examining the cost per life saved and economic effect of MWHs on maternal mortality. Methods A cost‐effectiveness analysis was used to evaluate costs and economic effect of MWHs on maternal mortality in rural Liberia to guide future resource allocation. A secondary data analysis was performed based on a prior quasi‐experimental cohort study of 10 rural primary healthcare facilities, five with a MWH and five without a MWH, that took place from October 30, 2010 to February 28, 2015. Results Calculations signified a low cost per year of life saved at MWHs in a rural district in Liberia. Total population‐adjusted number of women's lives saved over 3 years was 6.25. Conclusion While initial costs were considerable, over a period of 10 or more years MWHs could be a cost‐effective and affordable strategy to reduce maternal mortality rates in Liberia. Discussion of the scaling up of MWH interventions for improving maternal outcomes in Liberia and other low‐ and middle‐income countries is justified. Findings can be used to advocate for policy changes to increase the apportionment of resources for building more MWHs in low resource settings.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that training in soil conservation techniques may lead to greater female involvement in agricultural production in sub-Saharan Africa, but little is known about the causal relationship. We test this relationship empirically, examining the impact of soil conservation training sessions on female agricultural labor contributions within households in Zambia. Moreover, we explore the short-run effects of increased female agricultural productivity on female empowerment through measurement of changes in gender-specific resource allocations within the household. The extension of funding of conservation farming (CF) training sessions in 2007 in specific districts in Zambia provides variation in CF take-up. We use this variation to implement a difference-in-differences strategy on a number of datasets. Our results suggest that expansion of funding for CF training sessions increased take-up of CF, increased female labor hours, and shifted household expenditures toward goods associated more strongly with female preferences than male preferences. These results show the importance of understanding the impact of development programs, specifically promotion of agricultural technologies, on household gender dynamics.---1390 | wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/rode Rev Dev Econ. 2018;22:1390-1408. 12 Additionally, we examine the impact of CF training on the election of female parliament members. A similar outcome was used by Alesina et al. (2013) to measure female empowerment. We use a unique dataset with the gender of each district-level parliament member to examine the impact of CF training on the election of female CARNEY AND CARNEY | 1407 delegates. Table 9 shows the results of the difference-in-differences regression. While the results are positive, they are not significant, which suggests that the long-run outcomes examined in other papers may not be impacted in the short run. 13 See O'Sullivan et al. (2014) for a list of studies that link women's preferences to child health and education outcomes.
In this paper, we examine the impact of soil conservation adoption on gender-specific resource allocations within households in Zambia. The extension of funding of conservation farming (CF) training sessions in 2007 in specific districts in Zambia provides variation in CF takeup. We use this variation to implement a difference-in-differences strategy on a number of datasets. We show that expansion of funding for CF training sessions increased take-up of CF, increased female labour hours, and shifted household expenditures towards goods associated more strongly with female preferences than male preferences. These results stress the importance of understanding the impact of development programmes, specifically promotion of agricultural technologies, on household gender dynamics.
Fluctuations in U.S. college football team performance have been shown to have impacts on the student experience. This study explores the long-run implications, examining the impact of college football team performance relative to the period of student attendance on future earnings. Better college football team performance during the early years of school attendance increases average wages of males, but does not impact female wages. Supplemental evidence suggests that positive shocks to student social networks may partly explain the positive impact on earnings. Better team performance near the time of graduation increases average wages for both genders.
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