To evaluate the variation of Potato yellow vein virus from potato fields, 12 isolates were collected from Colombia and one was collected from Peru. Double-stranded RNA was extracted from the plants and used as a template for RT-PCR amplification of the coat protein ( CP) gene and, in separate reactions the C-terminal region of the heat shock protein 70 homologue ( Hsp70h) gene and the N-terminal region of the p60 open reading frame. The CP amplicons were subjected to single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and, together with the other amplicon, nucleotide sequence analysis. These analyses suggested that there is low genetic diversity in the PYVV isolates examined and that the Peruvian isolate of PYVV may have originated in Colombia.
An approach to solve the limitations of autologous bone grafting procedures in bone injury treatment is to develop bioactive coatings in the implantation system. The objective of this work is to compare the temperature effect on the stability of hydroxyapatite, graphene, and collagen colloidal suspensions to be used as biocompatible and bioactive coatings on a carbon fiber composite surface. Synthesized hydroxyapatite was assessed by X-ray diffraction. Zeta potential at different temperatures was evaluated. Specimens were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman analysis. The results showed that the best hydroxyapatite/graphene ratio was 85/15, while those of the hydroxyapatite/ collagen mixtures were 85/15. A hydroxyapatite/graphene/collagen mixture was synthesized based on these results.
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