Microbes are small organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other single-celled organisms that play important roles in ecosystems and human health. Over billions of years, microbes have evolved and filled virtually every ecological niche on the planet. They can be beneficial or detrimental, and their interaction with humans has led to pandemics and serious diseases from the Antonine Plague to the COVID-19 pandemic, the interactions between microorganisms and humans, as well as the mechanisms of transmission, have played a crucial role in the spread of diseases, understanding their epidemiology and transmission is essential for their control. The epidemiological chain describes the transmission process of an infectious disease and involves elements such as the infectious agent, the susceptible host, the reservoir, the exit door, the door of entry, and the vulnerability of the host. The study of epidemiology and microbiology makes it possible to identify the risk factors associated with the transmission of microorganisms, develop infection control strategies, as well as design and evaluate interventions to prevent the spread of diseases and promote public health. Understanding the biological path of the microbe in the human species is essential for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, knowing in depth the infectivity, pathogenicity, virulence, lethality, antigenic power and mutation capacity of infectious agents. This review emphasizes the microbe and its biological pathway through the human species.
El artículo está en doble dirección: por una parte, resaltar la importancia de la formación Ética y Política de los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Educación Básica Primaria futuro licenciado y por otra, la proyección de la imperante tarea de proyección formativa en quienes serán sus futuros educandos en los niveles de educación según su campo de acción. La formación Ética y Política de los estudiantes universitarios en el nivel de pregrado en relación a quienes se forman para ser profesores de Educación Básica Primaria, corresponde ahondar en sus concepciones e imaginarios que coadyuven en la correlación entre la teoría y la praxis. Por ello se considera necesario y pertinente profundizar en la formación ética y política del licenciado, en relación a lo conceptual y su proyección práctica, en aras de responder a la misión, visión, objetivos y justificación del programa. El licenciado en Educación Básica Primaria, que por convicción y vocación ha elegido por sí mismo ingresar a la educación superior a fortalecer su formación en el campo de la educación, la pedagogía y la didáctica de frente a responder al ejercicio docente según el perfil ocupacional y profesional y de acuerdo a las políticas educativas de Colombia. Ha de ser competente en el contexto propio de su ejercicio de la docencia en las áreas fundamentales y obligatorias que establece la ley general de Educación, entre ellas: “Educación ética y en valores humanos y Ciencias sociales, historia, geografía, constitución política y democracia”; propósito que indaga, controvierte y propone el presente estudio.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also known as hemophagocytic syndrome, is a very uncommon and life-threatening hematologic disorder that occurs as a primary or acquired disease. Secondary HLH usually appears in the setting of infections, underlying rheumatologic disorders or lymphoid malignancies. Clinically the syndrome is characterized by fever, multiple cytopenias, hepatosplenomegaly and activated macrophages in hematopoietic organs. We describe a rare case of HLH in the context of abdominal pain and fever of unknown origin, dramatic worsening and, finally, successful evolution with immunosuppressive therapy. In addition, we review the available literature on this topic.
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