<p><em>Referred pain on the orofacial structures can be diagnostically challenging for the dentist</em><em>s</em><em>. Dental pain</em><em>, which is the most common pain in the orofacial structures, is commonly </em><em> resolve</em><em>d</em><em> with satisfactory result</em><em>,</em><em> </em><em>However, </em><em>some dental pain can have a non</em><em>-</em><em>odontogenic characteristic</em><em>s</em><em> which </em><em>originate</em><em> from myocardial ischemia. Myocardial ischemia symptom</em><em>s</em><em> may be present</em><em>ed</em><em> as angina pectoris specific pain, but also as trigeminal </em><em>pain</em><em>, with or without angina pectoris symptom</em><em>s</em><em>. When this occurred, an improper diagnostic can lead to unnecessary dental treatment and delayed of myocardial ischemia treatment which can lead to myocardium infarct.</em></p>
Background: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. has bioactive compounds that are beneficial as anti-inflammatory. To get these compounds need to be extracted. Ethanol 70% can increase the solubility of both polar and non-polar compounds. RAW 264.7 cells with LPS induction cause an inflammatory state due to the active pro-inflammatory cytokines. To suppress the development of inflammation, a cytotoxicity test can be carried out to see the toxic nature of the extract against inflamed cells. Goals: To determine the cytotoxicity effect of 70% ethanol extract of C. xanthorrhiza on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: In vitro laboratory experimental research. Preparation of extracts of C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. carried out with 70% ethanol then made concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 g/mL. Cytotoxicity was tested using the MTS. Untreated culture medium was used as a negative control and a positive control of diclofenac sodium. Then it was incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. After 24 hours of incubation, MTS was added to the plate and incubated again for 3 hours. The results were read using spectrophotometry. The resulting absorption is equivalent to living cells. The research data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnet T3 tests. Results: Extracts of C. xanthorrhiza with concentrations of 200 and 100 g/mL were weakly cytotoxic and at concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 g/mL showed non-toxic effects on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Based on the IC50, C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract had a strong cytotoxic effect on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion: C. xanthorrhiza extract was toxic to LPS-induced RAW 264 cells.
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common form of oral cancer. SCC treatment generally uses surgical procedures, chemotherapy, etc. Currently there are more than 60% of anticancer compounds obtained from natural ingredients, one of which is Gnetum gnemon L. (G. gnemon L.) or commonly called melinjo. Objective: To determine whether the G. gnemon L. seed ethanolic extract with concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL could reduce viability and induce apoptosis in the HSC-3 cell line. Methods: Laboratory experimental research (in vitro) was conducted using the cell line HSC-3. Cells were treated with G. gnemon L. seed ethanolic extract with concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL for 24 hours. Ethanol 70% was used as solvent and negative control. Doxorubicin was used as a positive control. The treated cells were analyzed using MTT assay and flow cytometry to examine changes in cell viability and apoptosis that occurred. Results: G. gnemon L. seed ethanolic extract with concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL could significantly reduce viability and induce apoptosis in the HSC-3 cell line (p<0.05). The ability to reduce viability increased with the increase in extract concentration as many as 8,169 cells, 5,789 cells, and 3,068 cells and also induces apoptosis by 8.33 ± 0.93%, 16.55 ± 1.51%, and 28.73 ± 0.89% of cells tested sequentially. Conclusion: G. gnemon L. seed ethanolic extract with concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL for 24 hours was able to reduce viability and induce apoptosis in the HSC-3 cell line.
The impact of the Covid-19 has made the elderly's access to dental and oral health even more limited. Oral hygiene in the elderly living in nursing homes is often ignored so it falls into the poor category. The high prevalence of caries and other dental problems makes the elderly need more dental treatment. Poor oral health can lead into systemic or local infections that will affect general health, especially in the elderly who have impaired physiologic or pathologic function. Increased knowledge will improve their oral hygiene. Therefore, to increase members' knowledge and awareness to oral health, FKG Trisakti held an education to maintain their oral health and dentures. Pre and post tests are given to the participants to determine the success of the education. T test result showed increase in knowledge from participants before and after giving the material. Further training can be given to caregivers as they were there to help the elderly maintain their oral care.
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