Preliminary elements of a food system resilience research agenda I. Introduction 6 1.1. Background and justification 1.2. General objective of the study and scope of the report II. Analytical framework 8 2.1. Effects of COVID-19 on people life and food security and nutrition 2.2. Typology of impacts and affected actors III. Quality of evidence 11 3.1. Knowledge elaboration 3.2. Quality of data 3.3. Linking the quality of evidence to the review process IV. Key findings 16 4.1. Data analytics 4.2. Quality of the evidence and implications for the analysis 4.3. Emerging evidence on COVID-19 impacts 4.3.1. Loss of income and jobs 4.3.2. Clear but difficult-to-assess impact on food security 4.3.3. Expected impact on nutrition 4.3.4. Effect on different actors of the system 4.3.5. Mixed prices effects along the chain 4.4. Proposing a (more) holistic and dynamic assessment of COVID-19 4.4.1. Relative importance of COVID-19's disruptions across the food system 4.4.2. Impact pathways of COVID-19 on food system actors 4.5. Macroeconomic considerations 4.6. Some (still) open and uneasy questions 4.6.1. Changes in food prices 4.6.2. Who benefitted from COVID-19? 4.6.3. The specific case of the restaurant industry 4.6.4. Is COVID-19 really a global crisis? 4.6.5. Informal and... invisible V. First steps toward rebuilding a (more) resilient food system 39 5.1. Elements of food system resilience 5.1.1. Identifying actors' and value chains' sources of vulnerability 5.1.2. Understanding actors' responses to shocks 5.1.3. Testing and documenting what works and for whom (and where) 5.1.4. Social protection as a way to build people's resilience 5.1.5. Avoiding false debates 5.1.6. Learning from the first responses put in place and their outcomes VI. Synthesis and conclusion 51 6.1. Limitations of the assessment 6.2. Synthesis: the big picture after the first 12 months of COVID-19… 6.2.1. No global collapse of the system but a lot of suffering (for many) and some huge profits (for a few) 6.2.2. Not just economic but also physical hurdles 6.2.3. From convenience and proximity to 'constrained choice' 53 6.2.4. Some unknowns 54 6.3. Conclusions 55 References 57 Appendix 1: Detailed step-by-step methodology and analytical frameworks 71 Appendix 2: Literature on supply chain resilience
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