Scholars continue to call for innovations in social justice training and offer suggestions for pedagogical design and training content (e.g., Steele, 2008;Vera & Speight, 2003). Building on this existing literature and incorporating suggested activities and elements, we designed and offered a semester-long predoctoral social justice consultation practicum course at a midsize state university located in a rural college town in the midwestern United States. Reflecting back on the practicum, we decided to conduct a study using Corbin and Strauss's (2015) grounded-theory methodology to analyze the practicum contents (i.e., documents produced during the course) to provide a scholarly understanding of the content and process of the practicum course and our social justice practicum training. Specific findings at the open-coding and axial-coding levels of analysis (e.g., role of psychologists in social justice, personal challenges, population challenges, field observation, and needs assessment) were compiled at the selective-coding level to illustrate the processes that were activated through this social justice practicum. This study adds to the current social justice training scholarship by providing a glimpse into how students experience social justice-oriented practicum training. We discuss the contributions, limitations, and implications of this study/practicum for social justice training.

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Scholars note that therapist performance is one of many factors that contribute to client treatment outcomes. Given that the performance of therapists matters, researchers have identified several methods and models for improving therapist effectiveness. However, scholars have yet to explore highly effective therapists' perspectives on their motivation to develop, the methods they use, and the impact of their efforts to develop. The present study used a consensual qualitative research (Hill & Knox, 2021) approach to explore dynamics underlying therapist development of expertise. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 therapists whose outcome data placed them in the top 25% of clinicians of their respective clinics, according to their supervisors. The researchers reached consensus at each stage of analysis as they organized data into domains, core ideas, and cross-analysis. Domains and corresponding subdomains were: (a) struggle with personal, external, and response to barriers subdomains, (b) therapist characteristics with striving, presence, skills, and values subdomains, and (c) development with early career, formal, feedback, relational, personal/identity subdomains. Implications for practice and areas for future research are discussed. Clinical Impact StatementQuestion: What do highly effective therapists do to improve and what motivates them to improve? Findings: Therapists experience struggles in their development, they possess personal characteristics that orient them toward growth, and they engage in a range of developmental activities. Meaning: These findings indicate that therapists who view struggles as opportunities for growth, value growth, and engage in individualized growth process continue to improve. Next Steps: Future research should seek to understand the individualized methods therapists engage in to improve, how they engage in feedback processes, and how they personalize therapy based on each individual client's needs.

During the last decade, fruit growers in Chile have made dense plantings of many species of fruit trees to obtain early and high yields of quality fruit. Control of tree size has become the most important problem to many growers. Usually, heavy pruning in summer and winter is used to keep the tree within a certain space and to maintain a good yield of high quality fruit. This pruning is costly and often fails (1). There is a great need for dwarfing rootstocks in most fruit tree species. Good dwarfing commercial rootstocks are available for apples and pears, but few exist for stone fruits (6). Therefore, growth retardants are being tested to regulate the size of fruit trees (4, 6, 8-10). The growth retardant β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol) (PB) is being tested in Chile on peaches, nectarines, plums, apricots, and cherries since PB is the best known and widely tested product of this kind. PB and other growth retardants can induce effects either applied to the soil or sprayed on the foliage (2). When PB is applied to the foliage, the effect on the vegetation is faster than from soil applications, but is of short duration, and several foliar applications are needed to maintain growth retardation. Effects of PB, on stone fruits were studied through soil applications, because Chilean fruit growers wish to use the least number of sprays possible. In our trials, soil applications were made at flowering time. The formulation of PB used was a 25% flowable concentrate under the commercial name of Cultar. These trials are part of a 5-year study on gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors. Results in tables and figures were recorded after the second year when maximum effects were expressed.

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