ResumoEste artigo descreve um estudo de aula realizado com cinco professoras do 5.º e 6.º ano numa escola de Lisboa, analisando episódios especialmente relevantes. O nosso objetivo é compreender as potencialidades do estudo de aula como processo de desenvolvimento profissional e os desafios que se colocam à sua realização. Os resultados mostram que as professoras, depois de alguma estranheza inicial com o formato da formação, envolveram-se fortemente na resolução de tarefas matemáticas e na exploração de questões como a natureza das tarefas e os processos de raciocínio dos alunos. As professoras evidenciam diversas aprendizagens profissionais por si realizadas, valorizando em especial as discussões coletivas na sala de aula, e destacam o trabalho colaborativo e a oportunidade para se constituírem num grupo de trabalho na escola. Palavras-chave: AbstractThis paper describes a lesson study carried out with five teachers of grades 5 and 6 in a school in Lisbon, analyzing especially relevant episodes. We aim to understand the potential of the lesson study as a professional development process and the challenges posed by its undertaking. The results show that the teachers, after some initial resistance regarding the kind of professional development activity proposed, highly involved themselves in solving mathematical tasks and in exploring issues such as the nature of tasks and the students' reasoning

Human sperm samples are very heterogeneous and include a low amount of truly functional gametes. Distinct strategies have been developed to characterize and isolate this specific subpopulation. In this study we have used fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting to determine if mitochondrial function, as assessed using mitochondrial-sensitive probes, could be employed as a criterion to obtain more functional sperm from a given ejaculate. We first determined that mitochondrial activity correlated with the quality of distinct human samples, from healthy donors to patients with decreased semen quality. Furthermore, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to separate sperm with active and inactive mitochondria we found that this was also true within samples. Indeed, sperm with active mitochondria defined a more functional subpopulation, which contained more capacitated and acrosome intact cells, sperm with lower chromatin damage, and, crucially, sperm more able to decondense and participate in early development using both chemical induction and injection into mature bovine oocytes. Furthermore, cell sorting using mitochondrial activity produced a more functional sperm subpopulation than classic swim-up, both in terms of improvement in a variety of functional sperm parameters and in statistical significance. In conclusion, whatever the true biological role of sperm mitochondria in fertilization, mitochondrial activity is a clear hallmark of human sperm functionality.

We identified novel mutations in KAL1 and FGFR1 genes in IHH patients. FGFR1 mutations were identified in 17% of the patients with olfactory abnormalities and in one of 34 normosmic IHH patients. In addition, isolated anosmia was identified in two unrelated females as a partial phenotypic manifestation of FGFR1 defects.

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