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This paper treats nonprofit firms as elements within the ecology of enterprises that constitute an economy. Within this ecological framework, nonprofit governance must to a significant extent be guided by economic signals generated through market competition. After we examine the problems of economic calculation that nonprofit enterprises face, we consider the organizational logic of nonprofit firms as one that is driven by the creation of points of contact with the market economy. The operation of this logic creates some general limit on the range and size of nonprofit firms, and also presents issues of governance that differ from those faced by profit-seeking firms. Subsequently, we use our conceptual framework to illuminate some issues concerning the organization of nonprofit firms. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007agency, economic calculation, entrepreneurship, governance, nonprofit firms, D23, G32, J31, L31, M13,

Understanding health-care utilization is important to design efficient and\ud effective health-care systems. Towards this end, we propose a relatively\ud simple and intuitively appealing microeconometric framework based on a\ud two-part model to investigate the determinants that increase the probability\ud and the length of waiting for a health-care service provision. This article\ud attempts to accommodate all data features in one model focusing on\ud overdispersion in the data due to unobserved heterogeneity and zero-\ud inflation, with an application to the Italian National Health Syste

The aim of this paper is to test the claim that social protection is a luxury good. Therefore, GDP elasticity of selected social protection expenditure is estimated using a new econometric approach developed first by Kao and Chiang (Advances in Econometrics, 15, 179-222, 2000). Time series properties of selected social expenditure in 18 OECD countries from 1981 to 1998 are examined. Using panel data cointegration tests and OLS, FMOLS and DOLS estimators, results were found which differ from previous analyses reporting substantially higher income elasticities. With the FMOLS, selected social expenditure has income elasticities smaller than one but greater than one with the DOLS. It is noteworthy that whether selected social expenditure is stationary or nonstationary may have critical implications for researchers and policy makers desiring to model and explain the impact of this expenditure on a country economic system