Comparative studies of enhanced rhizoremediation with biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques in remediation of oilcontaminated mangrove environment were investigated. Contaminated soils at 7190 mg/kg of oil were subjected to the following treatments: soil (S), soil + oil (SO), soil + oil + fertilizer (NPK) (SOF), soil + oil + fertilizer + microorganisms (SOFM), soil + oil + fertilizer + microorganisms + solarization (SOFMS) (triplicates): two sets planted with P. australis, E. crassipes, and one unplanted. These were studied comparatively for 120 days for culturable (aerobic, mesophilic) heterotrophic and hydrocarbonutilizing microbial populations, and soil residual TPH. Results showed culturable heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-utilizing microbial populations and TPH loss in planted soils were consistently higher than those in unplanted receiving corresponding treatments (P ˂ 0.05).
The rhizosphere microorganisms of rubber plants (Hevea brasiliensis) were determined using the soil dilution plate method, while the rhizoplane was determined by serial washing of root lengths and plating on PDA plates. Fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Botryodiplodia and Mucor were isolated from both the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of rubber, at both Iyanomo and Akwete rubber plantations. Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. were the only bacteria isolated from the rhizoplane and rhizosphere, together with Bacillus cereus var mycoides, which occurred only on the rhizoplane. A. niger, together with species of Trichoderma, constituted by far the dominant mycoflora in the rhizoplane, at both Iyanomo and Akwete, while A. niger, Penicillium spp. together with Trichoderma spp. dominated at the rhizosphere. In vitro interactions showed that the occurrence of antagonists of R. lignosus: Trichoderma spp., Penicillium spp., and Botryodiplodia theobromae, isolated from the root zone of rubber plants were significantly higher at Akwete, than at Iyanomo plantations (P=0.05).
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