Objectives To provide normal reference data and identify growth patterns for craniofacial dimensions of a mid-face zone in healthy preschool Egyptian children. Background Anthropometry is the biological science that provides objective data to the craniofacial morphology evaluation, through a series of head and face measurements by using simple, noninvasive, low-risk, and inexpensive techniques. Methods The study was conducted on 3080 randomly selected healthy preschool boys and girls enrolled with criteria favoring good general health state and absence of any systemic disorders or long-term therapies. All children were subjected to detailed medical history, anthropometric measurements, head measurement (head circumference, head length, and width), and midface zone including eye measurements (inner canthal, outer canthal, inter-pupillary distance, and palpebral fissure length), nasal measurements (length, width, protrusion, columella length, and width), and ear measurements (length, width, projection, ear position, and rotation), with emphasis on the head should be erect (in the resting position) and both eyes facing forward. Results Upon plotting general measurements, head measurements, and specific measures of eye, nose, and ear on Z-score charts, it was shown that no significant difference was detected for the studied mid-face dimensions in both sexes with 0.6–1% low set ear setting which may be of a familial pattern. Egyptian facial morphology shows no similarities to Afro-Americans, but resembles those of Iranians with observed disagreeable ear features in comparison to Turkish children. Conclusion This study presents first referenced national Z-score curves that were accomplished to describe the growth pattern of mid-face proportions for Egyptian preschool healthy children.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.