Chronic wound healing is a time-consuming and complicated process. Severe risk for wound healing that can be life-threatening is bacterial invasion and wound during the healing process. Therefore, it is necessary to use a sui barrier to create a controlled environment for wound healing. Various wound dressings such as hydrocolloids, hydrogels, sponges, foams, films, and micro and nanofibers have been explored in recent decades. High surface-to-volume ratio, high similarity to the biological structure of the extracellular matrix, high porosity and very small pore size are some advantages of nanofibers that have become potential candidates for wound healing applications. Different methods are used to fabricate nanofibers like drawing-processing, template synthesis, self-assembly, phase separation, force-spinning and electrospinning. Electrospinning is the most desirable method due to the possibility of producing independent, accessible and controllable nanofibers. The fiberbased wound dressings and their manufacturing methods have been extensively discussed.
: Nanotechnology is considered one of the emerging fields of science that has influenced diverse applications, including food, biomedicine, and cosmetics. The production and usage of materials with nanoscale dimensions like nanoparticles are attractive parts of nanotechnology. Among different nanoparticles, zinc phosphate nanoparticles have attracted attention due to their biocompatibility, biosafety, non-toxicity, and environmental compatibility. These nanoparticles could be employed in various applications like anticorrosion, antibacterial, dental cement, glass ceramics, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. A variety of physical, chemical, and green synthesis methods have been used to synthesize zinc phosphate nanoparticles. All these methods have some limitations along with certain advantages. Chemical approaches may cause health risks and environmental problems due to the toxicity of hazardous chemicals used in these techniques. Moreover, physical methods require high amounts of energy as well as expensive instruments. However, biological methods are free of chemical contaminants and eco-friendly. This review is aimed to explore different methods for the synthesis of zinc phosphate nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and more recently, biological approaches (using various sources such as plants, algae, and microorganisms). Also, it summarizes the practicable applications of zinc phosphate nanoparticles as anticorrosion pigment, dental cement, and drug delivery agents.
Background: The promising properties of zinc phosphate (ZnP) nanoparticles (NPs) have made them come into prominence as one of the most favorable catalysts in various industries with ever-increasing applications. Among several proposed synthetic methods, biological methods have mostly been desired for their sheer person-environment compatibility in comparison with those of chemical and physical ones. Objective: Therefore, the synthesis of ZnP NPs via biological route was developed in this study. Method: Herein proposed a facile, applicable procedure for ZnP NPs via biosynthesis route, which included precipitation of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) in the presence of Enterobacter aerogenes as the synthetic intermediate. Investigation of anti-corrosion behavior of the synthesized NPs was explored on carbon steel in hydrochloric acid corrosive environment to provide deeper insight into their unique anti-corrosion properties. Additionally, their antibacterial activities were also examined against the Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Results: The results of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnP NPs. Moreover, the examinations of both anti-corrosion and antibacterial properties, revealed that the synthesized NPs could be a promising anticorrosion/ antibacterial agent. Conclusion: ZnP NPs with average size of 30-35 nm were successfully synthesized via simple, suitable biological method. Results implied that these particles could be used as a non-toxic, environmentally friendly, corrosion-resistant and antibacterial agent instead of toxic and uneco-friendly ones.
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