Objective. To quantify the benefits of an enhanced advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) community pharmacy model compared to the traditional program by comparing basic and comprehensive pharmaceutical care provided by students and assessing preceptors' perceptions of the APPE. Methods. A pilot study consisting of 1 enhanced APPE arm and 2 traditional APPE (control) arms was conducted. The enhanced APPE consisted of a preceptor education program, a 5-day onsite student orientation, and an 8-week experience completed at 1 rather than 2 community sites. Results. The level of interventions provided by students in the enhanced APPE arm significantly surpassed that of students in the control arms. In addition, preceptor questionnaires indicated overwhelming support for the enhanced model over the traditional APPE. Conclusions. The study's findings demonstrated that the enhanced APPE model enabled the participating pharmacies to provide increased level of patient care (as compared to the control sites) and improved preceptor satisfaction with the APPE.
Objective. To develop a Web-based preceptor education resource for healthcare professionals and evaluate its usefulness.
Methods.Using an open source platform, 8 online modules called "E-tips for Practice Education" (E-tips) were developed that focused on topics identified relevant across healthcare disciplines. A cross-sectional survey design was used to evaluate the online resource. Ninety preceptors from 10 health disciplines affiliated with the University of British Columbia evaluated the E-tips. Results. The modules were well received by preceptors, with all participants indicating that they would recommend these modules to their colleagues, over 80% indicating the modules were very to extremely applicable, and over 60% indicating that E-tips had increased their confidence in their ability to teach. Conclusion. Participants reported E-tips to be highly applicable to their teaching role as preceptors. Given their multidisciplinary focus, these modules address a shared language and ideas about clinical teaching among those working in multi-disciplinary settings.
Lipoproteins are a heterogeneous population of macromolecular aggregates of lipids and proteins that are responsible for the transport of lipids through the vascular and extravascular fluids from their site of synthesis or absorption to peripheral tissues. Lipoproteins are involved in other biological processes as well, including coagulation and tissue repair, and serve as carriers of a number of hydrophobic compounds within the systemic circulation. It has been well documented that disease states (eg, AIDS, diabetes, cancer) significantly influence circulating lipoprotein content and composition. Therefore, it appears possible that changes in the lipoprotein profile would affect not only the ability of a compound to associate with lipoproteins but also the distribution of the compound within the lipoprotein subclasses. Such an effect could alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological action of the drug. This paper reviews the factors that i nfluence the interaction of one model hydrophobic compound, cyclosporine A, with lipoproteins and the implications of altered plasma lipoprotein concentrations on the pharmacological behavior of this compound.
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