Background:Keratoconus is an asymmetric, bilateral, progressive noninflammatory ectasia of the cornea that affects approximately 1 in 2000 of the general population. This may cause a significant negative impact on quality of life. Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is one of the recently introduced methods that have been used to decrease the progression of keratoconus, in particular, as well as other corneal-thinning processes.Materials and Methods:A total of 44 keratoconic eyes of 22 patients were enrolled in this randomized prospective study, after obtaining informed consent. In the first group, the corneal epithelium were totally removed and in the second group, the central 3 mm of epithelium was kept intact and partial removal was performed. After collagen crosslinking in both groups, comprehensive ophthalmologic examination was performed on all patients before and 6 months after the surgery. This article is registered at www.clinicaltrial.gov with registration number NCT01809977.Results:The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant regarding postoperative corneal haziness, refraction, and visual acuity (P > 0.05). However, comparison of pre- and postoperative parameters within each group revealed that total removal of the cornea has resulted in significant improvement of K-max (P value: 0.01) and Q-value (P value: 0.009); while eyes in partial removal group had better improvement of corrected vision (P value: 0.006). Both methods had significant and similar increase in optical corneal density (P < 0.0001).Conclusion:In our study, keeping the central corneal epithelium intact was not beneficial for decreasing corneal haziness, however, this method caused better improvement in corrected vision. Total epithelium off technique resulted in better improvement of K-max and Q-value.
Background: Duplex ultra-sonography is a non-invasive, non-expensive screening test for carotid disease. Intima media thickness (IMT) is appropriate for atherosclerosis process diagnosis. Leukoaraisis (LA) increase the risk of cerebrovascular accident (CVA). LA patients need preventive medication for CVA. IMT is a non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic test in LA. Objectives: The aim of this study was comparison of carotid IMT in LA patients and control group. Method: The case-control study was done on 100 LA patients and 100 controls. They were selected by simple sampling method in Shaheed Sadoughi MRI unit. Two groups member were matched by age and sex. The patient's information (age, sex, weight, height, past medical history, smoking history, ischemic heart disease (IHD), CVA and past medication) according the study checklist was collected. All statistical analysis were done by SPSS21. Results: totally 200 patients were studied, 102 in normal group and 98 in ILA group. The mean age of patients was 64.39 (± 9.12) and 47% participants were male. There were no statistical differences between hypertension and hyperlipidemia frequency in two groups (P value > 0.05). The mean of left CIMT was 0.856 (± 0.202) in normal and 0.962 (± 171) in LA groups (P value: 0.026). The mean of right CIMT was 0.853 (± 0.215) in normal and 0.973 (± 188) in LA groups (p-value: 0.024). Conclusions: LA increases the risk of CVA and dementia. The LA pathology is unknown. The epidemiological studies revealed the age, diabetes, smoking and atherosclerosis are related with LA. Our findings showed that CIMT as an atherosclerosis marker was higher in LA patients than control group.
Background: Prematurity neuropathology can be categorized as: periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), white matter changes, and basal ganglion, cortex and thalamus disorders. These abnormalities may induce seizure in preterm neonate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between white matter abnormalities and seizure in 18 months preterm infants with delay Neurodevelopment (ND). Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study on 18 months preterm infants with ND delay who were referred to MRI department of Shaheed Sadoughi hospital of Yazd, 2015-2016. The information of birth age (weeks), gender, seizure, and PVL on MRI were collected. All statistical analysis was done by SPSS19. Results: Totally 45 infants were studied. About 55.6% were male and 44.6% female. The mean of pregnancy duration was 32.72-2.78 weeks. Seizure frequency was 42.2%. The PVL grading was: 28.9% mild, 20% moderate and 4.4% sever. There was a statistically significance between PVL and birth age (week), Also between seizure and PVL. Conclusions: The high light finding of our study was the higher frequency of seizure in infants without PVL. These findings can be explained by the inclusion criteria of our study.
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