The demand for labour in India is likely to remain high and robust in the coming years, both nationally and internationally. But this would demand skilled and qualified labour. The employability of Indian youth has emerged as a major concern in recent years. Ironically, it is not just the uneducated and untrained that lack skills but it is also the educated that consistently lie below the required standards. It is with this background that the study focuses on analyzing the growth and changing structure of the Indian higher education system in the light of the education profile of the Indian jobseekers, labour market demands and the employability index for India's high-growth sectors on the basis of existing skill gaps and suggests a broad pathway to plug in the gaps and missing links. A more robust demand for personnel in technical and professional services and a better employability index for the same sectors have probably led to skewed growth of the higher education sector. The greater challenge is therefore, to prepare our larger lot of the educated graduates from the general education streams for the emerging skill needs of employable youth.

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The present paper deals with the study of conditional entropy and its properties in a quantum space (L, s), where L is an orthomodular lattice and s is a Bayessian state on L. First, we obtained a pseudo-metric on the family of all partitions of the couple (B, s), where B is a Boolean algebra and s is a state on B. This pseudo-metric turns out to be a metric (called the Rokhlin metric) by using a new notion of s-refinement and by identifying those partitions of (B, s) which are s-equivalent. The present theory has then been extended to the quantum space (L, s), where L is an orthomodular lattice and s is a Bayessian state on L. Applying the theory of commutators and Bell inequalities, it is shown that the couple (L, s) can be equivalently replaced by a couple (B, s 0 ), where B is a Boolean algebra and s 0 is a state on B.

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The aim of this paper is to introduce and investigate the concept of pseudo-atoms of a real-valued function m defined on an effect algebra L; a few examples of pseudo-atoms and atoms are given in the context of null-additive, null-null-additive and pseudo-null-additive functions and also, some fundamental results for pseudo-atoms under the assumption of null-null-additivity are established. The notions of total variation |m|, positive variation m + and negative variation m − of a real-valued function m on L are studied elaborately and it is proved for a modular measure m (which is of bounded total variation) defined on a D-lattice L that, m is pseudo-atomic (or atomic) if and only if its total variation |m| is pseudo-atomic (or atomic). Finally, a Jordan type decomposition theorem for an extended real-valued function m of bounded total variation defined on an effect algebra L is proved and some properties on decomposed parts of m such as continuity from below, pseudo-atomicity (or atomicity) and being measure, are discussed. A characterization for the function m to be of bounded total variation is established here and used in proving abovementioned Jordan type decomposition theorem.

In the present paper, we have studied envelopes of a function m defined on a subfamily E (containing 0 and 1) of an effect algebra L. The notion of a weakly tight function is introduced and its relation to tight functions is investigated; examples and counterexamples are constructed for illustration. A Jordan type decomposition theorem for a locally bounded real-valued weakly tight function m defined on E is established. The notions of total variation |m| on the subfamily E and m-atoms on a sub-effect algebra E (along with a few examples of m-atoms for null-additive as well as non null-additive functions) are introduced and studied. Finally, it is proved for a real-valued additive function m on a sub-effect algebra E that, m is non-atomic if and only if its total variation |m| is non-atomic.