This study aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of various type of soybean (Glycine max L.Merill) i.e Argomulyo, Burangrang, Ijen, and Kaba by using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl) method. The soybean was crushed, defatted using n-hexan, and extracted using methanol 90%. The processes of defatting and extracting were conducted by kinesthetic maceration. Identification of flavonoid content using KLT and an assay of the antioxidant power of soybean were carried out qualitatively and quantitavely. Qualitative analysis, the color of DPPH solution was fading from violet into yellowish. Quantitative analysis showed that the maximum wavelength of DPPH in methanol was 516,00 nm within 15-minute reaction time. The effective concentration 50% (EC50) of each extract was alsa determined. Results of this study revealed that the methanolic extract of soybean taken from varieties of Argomulyo, Burangrang, Ijen, and Kaba contained flavonoid, with EC50 value of each variety subsequently ranging from 3620.22 bpj; 5290.71 bpj; 4145.99 bpj; and 4253.50 bpj. Argomulyo variety showed the highest antioxidant power. Keywords: Soybean (Glycine max L.Merill), Argomulyo variety, Burangrang variety, Ijen variety, Kaba variety, antioxidant power, DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl)
Introduction The current trend in management of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome is to attempt noninvasive ventilation (NIV) to avoid endotracheal intubation. However, failure of noninvasive ventilation may lead to increased morbidity and mortality. There is a scarcity of studies establishing predictors for the usefulness of NIV in this age group. Our aim here was to determine the predictors of NIV in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) treated with synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (SNIPPV) for initial respiratory support. Material and methods We conducted a follow-up study on 85 infants < 32 weeks of gestational age, and < 1500 g with RDS who received early SNIPPV. Perinatal history, physical characteristics, ventilatory settings, and arterial blood gas analysis results were collected. We recorded the failure rate and potential predictive factors of this failure. Results There were 12 (14.1%) patients who had SNIPPV failure. The SNIPPV failure group had multiple significantly different characteristics compared to the successful SNIPPV group including gestation age, birth weight, grading of disease, severity of respiratory distress, antenatal steroid use and various ventilatory settings. Further multivariate analysis revealed only 3 predictors in our patients: grade of RDS (OR = 4.48, p = 0.008), antenatal steroid use (OR = 1.09, p = 0.01) and mean airway pressure (OR = 1.98, p = 0.0001). Conclusions Failure of early NIV occurred in a small subset of our patients. Predictors of noninvasive ventilation failure may be a useful guide for decisions regarding intubation.
IntroductionThere is a 3-fold higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. The aim was to assess the relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis and visceral fat and fatty liver in diabetic adolescents.Material and methodsThe study was performed on 110 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) attending the Pediatric Diabetes Clinic of the University Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt. Their mean age was 14.2 ±0.7 years with a mean duration of diabetes 6 ±0.3 years. They were divided into group 1 which consisted of 55 adolescents with T1D and normal carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and the second group which included 55 adolescents with T1D and subclinical atherosclerosis. All adolescents were normotensive, normo-albuminuric and had no retinopathy. Visceral fat thickness was measured as the distance between the anterior wall of the aorta and the posterior surface of the rectus abdominis muscle. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed based on enlarged liver size and evidence of diffuse hyper-echogenicity of liver relative to kidneys.ResultsThe mean visceral fat was significantly higher in adolescents with increased cIMT (4.8 ±1.6) than in the normal thickness group (3.9 ±1.4). Liver size was also significantly larger in the former group (13.73 ±2.26 versus 12.63 ±2.20) (p = 0.022). After adjusting for other variables, logistic regression demonstrated that glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fatty liver are independent factors affecting cIMT, OR = 1.426 (p < 0.05) and OR = 4.71 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn the present study, fatty liver and HbA1c were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in lean adolescents with T1D.
Background Hydroxyurea (HU) remains a cornerstone of sickle cell disease (SCD) therapy; however, its use is limited by poor patient adherence owing to concerns about side effects. Pharmacies routinely provide patients with handouts about HU, which, we hypothesized, contain inaccuracies that may contribute to negative patient perceptions of HU. Methods We used a systematic approach to collect and review patient information handouts (PIHs) on HU from pharmacies in Ontario, Canada. PIHs were evaluated according to: Number of inaccurate statements, Percentage of essential statements based on comparison with a reference standard PIH developed by the Canadian Haemoglobinopathy Association (CanHaem), and Reading level. Results PIHs were collected from 98% of chain and community pharmacies registered in Ontario. All PIHs contained inaccurate statements, most frequently relating to the risk of developing cancer. Only 33% of PIHs identified SCD as an indication for HU use. Pharmacy PIHs contained 45% of the essential statements present within the CanHaem HU PIH, neglecting to mention use of HU for management of SCD and benefits of HU in preventing SCD complications. Moreover, the reading level across pharmacy PIHs was 1.8 grades higher than that advised for written patient education materials. Conclusion Patients who are prescribed HU are likely to be provided with PIHs that contain inaccuracies that are weighted toward the risks of HU therapy and run contrary to published literature. This study identifies a gap in the care of patients with SCD and an opportunity to improve the quality of HU PIHs to help patients make well‐informed decisions about their health.
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