Multimedia surveillance systems have evolved in recent years to capture, process and analyze multimedia data coming from heterogeneous sensors in the context of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Hajj. Systems in these contexts are often designed to support decision making, such as responding to alerts triggered by sensors and incidents detected by surveillance systems as well as to provide useful information for monitoring and emergencyresponse teams concerned with health and public safety. Various tools and techniques from different fields such as operations research, computer vision, image and video processing, pattern recognition, and multimedia fusion have contributed to the proliferation of such systems in the context of Hajj. In this paper, a systematic review and synthesis of the representative works that have been done in the field of multimedia surveillance for event detection in Hajj is presented. Observations and reflections on these works are discussed in the context of Hajj rituals' distinctive characteristics, crowd-management challenges, and multimedia issues related to event detection and surveillance systems in Hajj.
Recent technological developments can provide technical assistance to support disabled people in their everyday tasks and improve their quality of life. This paper presents the results of preliminary experiments focused on the design of a software-based system for assisting visually impaired individuals Saudi Arabia. The proposed system will help these users in experiencing safer and yet independent indoor navigation in unfamiliar buildings. The results concluded that most of the visually impaired in Saudi Arabia depend mainly on a sighted person in their mobility and navigation activities. Further, the results highlighted the demand of this user group for a robust solution for an independent indoor navigation and mobility tool that is designed and implemented according to the user's elicited difficulties and needs.
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