IntroductionAxonal degeneration and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma is associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the risk of open angle glaucoma (OAG) in the Egyptian population and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene polymorphisms.MethodsSixty OAG patients and 26 healthy unrelated controls were used to analyze TNF-α polymorphism G-308A using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).Resultsthe GG genotype was found at a higher frequency in the controls than in the patients, and the AA and GA genotypes were associated strongly with OAG.ConclusionIn this study, we found that the TNF-α polymorphism G-308A was associated significantly with OAG in the Egyptian population. However, there is a need for population-based studies with large numbers of subjects. Also, long-term follow up is required to verify the association between TNF-α polymorphism G-308A and glaucoma susceptibility.
Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes. The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) exerts deleterious effects by acting directly to induce cross-linking of proteins promoting vascular damage. Hyperglycemia causes disturbance in glycogenesis pathway resulting in reduction of glucose to sorbitol which is converted to fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase. Methods: The levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE), lipid profile, and glycosylated Hb were estimated in 266 type I diabetic patients without retinopathy, patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (PDR).The association between genotypes of two polymorphisms of sorbitol dehydrogenase gene (SDH) was estimated in the promoter region: a C/G transversion located at _1214 position and a G/C transversion at _888 position. This study showed allele-specific PCR for C-1214G polymorphism and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique for a G/C transversion at _ 888 position. Results: Significant increase was detected in glycosylated Hb levels in diabetic group, both with retinopathy and without retinopathy. Also, a significant increase in Hb1c in PDR group compared to NPDR. Significant increase in total cholesterol, HDL, TG, and AGE in PDR group compared to the group without retinopathy. No significant change was observed in the same parameter between PDR and NPDR group. Significant increase in AGE in both PDR and NPDR group compared to the group without retinopathy. No significant change in PDR group compared to NPDR. The results of this study showed no significant difference in genotype distribution (C/C, C/G, G/G) of the C˗1214G polymorphism between the two groups of patients with and without DR A2-. There was no statistically significant difference between the three genotypes (CC, CG, and GG) of the C˗1214G polymorphism in relation to DR severity in male genders. However, there was a statistically significant difference in female gender with increased frequency of CC genotype (2.7%, 21.9%, and 23.7%). There was no significant difference in genotype distribution (C/C, G/C, and G/G) of the G˗888C polymorphism between the two groups of patients with DR and without DR. However, the CC genotype occurred more frequently in patients with DR than patients without DR (6.7% vs. 3.9%), and G/G genotype occurred more frequently in
Background: Sepsis is a serious inflammatory condition caused by infection, accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. An early effective diagnostic and predictive tool is needed to improve the management and prognosis of patients. Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the role of serum levels of Heparin Binding Protein in early detection of sepsis and circulatory failure in critically ill patients, compared with the currently used biomarkers. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 66 patients with sepsis, carried out in emergency ICU and surgical ICU in Zagazig University Hospitals. Patients' data were collected at admission, after 48 and 72 hours from medical records, bedside sheets, and radiographic reports. The concentration of heparin Binding Protein (HBP) is determined and compared to that of procalcitonin )PCT(, lactate, and total leucocytic count. Results: Median range level of HBP in sepsis (11.8, 9.8 and 8.083 ng/ml), septic shock (20, 22.6 and 19.25 ng/ml), and in uncomplicated infections (1.57, 0.9 and 7.3 ng/ml) on admission, after 48 and 72 hours respectively. HBP had 90.3% sensitivity, 62.9% specificity and 75.8% accuracy at cut of value ≥13.35 ng/ml AUC= 0.822, in diagnosis of septic shock on admission. Conclusion: serum heparin binding protein level is positively correlated with the severity of sepsis and septic shock and showed a good performance as an early diagnostic marker in patients with suspected sepsis and septic shock.
Background and purpose: Hepatotoxicity from frequently prescribed drugs has become an evolving health problem. This study was conducted to evaluate the risk of acute and chronic administration of acetaminophen (AAP), ibuprofen (Ibu), and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Methods: One hundred and twenty male albino rats, were divided into 2 main groups for acute and chronic study. Each group was sub-classified into 5 sub-groups (12 rats for each). Acute study: control (normal saline), AAP (single oral dose, 540 mg/kg, bw), AAP +Zn (APP and Zn ,227 mg/liter drinking water 24 hours before AAP administration), Ibu (single oral dose,440 mg/kg, bw), and ASA (single intraperitoneal dose,540 mg/kg, bw). Chronic (period for 60 days): control (normal saline), AAP (single daily doses, 48 mg/kg, bw), AAP +Zn (APP and Zn, 227 mg/liter drinking water for 6o days), Ibu (single daily doses, 48 mg/kg, bw), and ASA (single daily intraperitoneal doses, 40 mg/kg,). Results: Hepatic aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, serum glycosaminoglycans, tissue hydroxyproline, and malondialdehyde were significantly elevated, but glutathione was significantly decreased, in both acute and chronic treatments in all treated groups. Prior treatment with Zn couldn't change the effects of AAP, except on oxidative stress. Tissue changes after chronic treatment varied from fatty changes to vascular congestions and inflammation. Conclusion: We assume that both acute and chronic administration of AAP, Ibu, and ASA have deleterious hepatotoxic and fibrogenic effects on the liver with a non-significant protective role to Zn co-administration with AAP against oxidative stress.
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