A salinização dos solos é um problema frequente nas áreas irrigadas das regiões áridas e semi-áridas. No Distrito de Montepuez ao longo das margens do rio Montepuez, a produção de hortícolas com recuso a água do Rio Montepuez tem sido feita sem o conhecimento prévio da composição físico-química da água e do solo. Desta feita, a pesquisa objetivou analisar o risco de salinização dos solos das áreas irrigadas ao longo do Rio Montepuez, no Bairro de Muica. Para tal, foi analisada a composição fico-química do solo, a qualidade da água e foram descritas as práticas de irrigação com recurso a entrevista estruturada. Para análise da composição físico-química do solo foram coletadas amostras simples de nove pontos e em duas profundidades (0 a 20 cm e 20 a 40 cm). Para analise da qualidade de água foram coletadas duas amostras nos pontos de tomada água. O local estudado é caracterizado por: prática de rega por bacias de inundação com recurso a uma moto-bomba os solos de textura media apresentam dificuldades de drenagem a água usada para irrigação apresenta EC alta e um pH neutro tendendo para alcalinidade. Com tais condições, conclui-se que a área apresenta risco de salinização dos solos.
Technological solutions for energy-efficient domestic use cannot be imposed without considering social and customary conditions, such as traditional practices of energy use in target communities. In order to establish an empirical baseline of rural energy use in an essentially subsistence village in northern Mozambique, we conducted a household survey to understanding what the cultural needs are, as well as an Uncontrolled Cooking Test (UCT) and aerosol measurements to evaluate the performance of cooking systems in use. The survey considered 146 scattered households, of which 92% are using firewood as their first choice for cooking, using a 3-stone fireplace, without extinguishing the fire or reusing char after completion of cooking tasks. The UCT results show that each household, average size 4.3 people, consumes 204 MJ of fuelwood energy per day when cooking for 4 to 6 hours, divided into morning, midday and evening sessions. During cooking practices within indoor kitchens, women and children are exposed on average to 9800 g/m 3 per hour of wood-burning particulate matter. By using the methods stated above it is possible to establish a baseline of rural energy use and cooking system performance. Smoke from wood-burning 3-stone fireplaces is shown to be well above acceptable health standards. However, the dense smoke plays an important role in food conservation. Any proposed energy intervention should address the underlying cultural imperatives, the fuel options available and the preferred technologies. Keywords: fuelwood, rural energy, indoor pollution, stove emissions, improved stoves, particulate matter. INTRODUCTIONThe use of biomass fuels for cooking is a major cause of health problems in developing countries due to indoor air pollution [1], [2]. High levels of poverty, environmental degradation and low income levels are common features in rural southern African countries (e.g. Mozambique). Rural households often rely on readily available biomass for cooking and space heating using inefficient stoves and fireplaces [1], [3]. As a result, forests are further depleted, with the daily exposure to significant levels of particulate and gaseous emissions negatively impacting on human health.The domestic collection and use of biomass in many developing countries is a continued area of interest for researchers, policy makers and businesses alike. In Mozambique, where biomass accounts for over 80% of consumed energy [4] and 71% of the population lives in rural areas [1], there is the need to better characterize the energy baseline of rural villages in order to design and implement more effective technologies and policies.Each household can vary their biomass options, skewed towards personal preferences at any given time -consuming a range of fuels along the energy ladder [3], [5]. Technologies to achieve recommended efficiency and emissions standards cannot be imposed without considering social and customary conditions, such as traditional practices of energy use and the impacts of energy efficiency improv...
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