Introduction: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 guidelines recommend classifying patients by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria to predict chronic kidney disease (CKD) prognosis. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the epidemiological burden of CKD stratified by the KDIGO 2012 categories. Methods: MEDLINEÒ and Embase were searched for observational studies of patients with CKD with results stratified according to the KDIGO 2012 classification. Investigated outcomes were prevalence, incidence, and risk factors and complications of CKD, including mortality. Results: The review included ten observational studies with 3033 to 46,949 participants, conducted in the USA, China, France, Italy and Spain. The most frequently reported outcome was the prevalence of CKD (GFR categories G3-5), ranging from 2% to 17%. Most participants were normoalbuminuric, with 0.4-3.2% macroalbuminuric, and most fell within the KDIGO 2012 low-risk or moderate-risk groups, with 0.9-5.6% in the high-risk and 0.3-4.8% in the very high-risk groups. Although scarce, data on the prevalence of comorbidities in CKD according to the KDIGO classification suggest that they increase with albuminuria severity. Conclusions: Patients with CKD frequently have complications, but only a small proportion have severely increased albuminuria or fall within the KDIGO high-risk or very high-risk groups. These groups, however, are associated with the highest burden of disease, as comorbidities are more prevalent with increasing Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

Background Information on the epidemiology of uncommon EGFR mutations including exon 20 insertions amongst nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lacking. Objective The objective of this pragmatic literature review (PLR) and meta-analysis was to generate robust prevalence and incidence estimates based on ranges of exon 20 insertion mutations reported in the literature. Materials and methods Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, congresses and reference lists for articles published from 2013 in key European countries of interest (

BackgroundMany individuals hospitalised with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection experience post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), sometimes referred to as “long COVID”. Our objective was to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to identify PASC-associated symptoms in previously hospitalised patients and determine the frequency and temporal nature of PASC.MethodsSearches of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library (2019–2021), World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and reference lists were performed from November to December 2021. Articles were assessed by two reviewers against eligibility criteria and a risk of bias tool. Symptom data were synthesised by random effects meta-analyses.ResultsOf 6942 records, 52 studies with at least 100 patients were analysed; ∼70% were Europe-based studies. Most data were from the first wave of the pandemic. PASC symptoms were analysed from 28 days after hospital discharge. At 1–4 months post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, the most frequent individual symptoms were fatigue (29.3% (95% CI 20.1–40.6%)) and dyspnoea (19.6% (95% CI 12.8–28.7%)). Many patients experienced at least one symptom at 4–8 months (73.1% (95% CI 44.2–90.3%)) and 8–12 months (75.0% (95% CI 56.4–87.4%)).ConclusionsA wide spectrum of persistent PASC-associated symptoms were reported over the 1-year follow-up period in a significant proportion of participants. Further research is needed to better define PASC duration and determine whether factors such as disease severity, vaccination and treatments have an impact on PASC.

No abstract

Background Achondroplasia is the most common form of skeletal dysplasia. Recent advances in therapeutic options have highlighted the need for understanding the burden and treatment landscape of the condition. This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to identify health-related quality of life (HRQoL)/utilities, healthcare resource use (HCRU), costs, efficacy, safety and economic evaluation data in achondroplasia and to identify gaps in the research. Methods Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, the University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), the Cochrane Library and grey literature were performed. Articles were screened against pre-specified eligibility criteria by two individuals and study quality was assessed using published checklists. Additional targeted searches were conducted to identify management guidelines. Results Fifty-nine unique studies were included. Results demonstrated a substantial HRQoL and HCRU/cost-related burden of achondroplasia on affected individuals and their families throughout their lifetimes, particularly in emotional wellbeing and hospitalisation costs and resource use. Vosoritide, growth hormone (GH) and limb lengthening all conferred benefits for height or growth velocity; however, the long-term effects of GH therapy were unclear, data for vosoritide were from a limited number of studies, and limb lengthening was associated with complications. Included management guidelines varied widely in their scope, with the first global effort to standardise achondroplasia management represented by the International Achondroplasia Consensus Statement published at the end of 2021. Current evidence gaps include a lack of utility and cost-effectiveness data for achondroplasia and its treatments. Conclusions This SLR provides a comprehensive overview of the current burden and treatment landscape for achondroplasia, along with areas where evidence is lacking. This review should be updated as new evidence becomes available on emerging therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-023-02549-3.